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Should lidocaine be used to treat third-degree heart block with ventricular escape beats?
A. It could in fact be lethal. Lidocaine suppresses ventricular escape depolarizations and could suppress the wide-complex QRS ventricular escape beats that are found in complete heart block, thus resulting in asystole.
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What effect does epinephrine have on blood flow to the brain and heart?
A. Increases blood flow to both the heart and brain.
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What is pulseless electrical activity?
A. Absence of a pulse in the presence of some type of electrical activity, other than ventricular fibrillation.
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What are the indications for sodium bicarbonate in an acute cardiac arrest?
A. Known acidosis, hyperkalemia, tricyclic overdose, long arrest (>10 minutes), and in hypoxic lactic acidosis.
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In a patient with a hypothermic cardiac arrest that remains in VF/VT after three defibrillations, what should be done next if VF/VT persists?
A. Incubateand obtain IV access
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Should the pulse be checked between shocks in a patient that displays persistent VF/VT?
A. CPR should be started after each defibrillation where no spontaneous sinus rhythm has been restored.
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When is a precordial thump used?
A. In a witnessed arrest, when no pulse is present and no defibrillator is immediately available.
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What is the treatment sequence for VF/VT?
A. Defibrillate, protect the airway, and ventilate the patient.
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What is the single most important ACLS intervention?
A. Identification and treatment of ventricular fibrillation.
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Why should leg veins be avoided for IV therapy?
A. High risk of deep venous thrombosis.
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