SIMULATION
Identify the respiratory variations that may be seen in both the early and late hypothermic patient.
A. A patient suffering from early signs of hypothermia will experience rapid breathing. Patients suffering from late hypothermia may experience shallow, slow, or even absent breathing.
SIMULATION
Identify the signs and symptoms of generalized hypothermia and how you would assess a patient experiencing hypothermia.
A. Cold or cool skin temperature. Place the back of the hand between the clothing and the patient's abdomen to assess the general temperature of the patient. The patient experiencing a generalized cold emergency will present with cold abdominal skin temperature; a decreasing mental status or motor function, which directly correlates with a degree of hypothermia.
SIMULATION
Infants and young children are at great risk of generalized hypothermia. What factors increase their risk?
A. Infants and young children are small with large surface areas. The small muscle mass does not allow adequate shivering in children and none at all in infants. They have less body fat to insulate them from the environment. Younger children need help to protect themselves. They are unable to put on or take off their clothes, which afford them protection in a given environment.
SIMULATION
Identify those questions that are important to ask regarding a patient suffering from exposure to the environment.
A. What is the source of their exposure? What particular environment where they in? Have they experienced any loss of consciousness? What effects are they feeling in their body?
FILL BLANK
Identify the condition in which a patient's heat loss exceeds the patient's heat gain.
A. Hypothermia
FILL BLANK
Identify the condition in which a patient's heat gained exceeds the patient's heat loss.
A. Hyperthermia
SIMULATION
Identify five ways in which a patient may lose heat.
A. Radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation, and breathing.
SIMULATION
Shock is also called hypoperfusion. Identify the meaning of inadequate circulation as it relates to shock.
A. Shock or inadequate circulation is a state of profound depression of the vital processes of the body. It is characterized by signs and symptoms such as pallor; cyanosis; cool, clammy skin; rapid, weak pulse; rapid, shallow breathing; restlessness, anxiety, or mental dullness; nausea and vomiting; reduction in the total blood volume; and hypotension.
SIMULATION
Identify two areas in which a central pulse may be palpated.
A. The carotid artery in the neck or the femoral artery in the groin.
SIMULATION
What is meant by the following two terms as they relate to blood pressure: systolic and diastolic.
A. Systolic is the pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts. Diastolic is the pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle is at rest.
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