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• Question 211:

  A meteorite found in the Alan Hills ol Antarctica is only the tenth meteorite known to have originated from Mars and the first one known to be farmed beneath the Martian surface.

  A. to have originated from Mars and the first one known to be formed

  B. to have originated on Mars and the first one known to have been formed

  C. to originate on Mars and the first one that is known to form

  D. that originated on Mars and the first one known that formed

  E. that has originated from Mars and the first one known that has been formed

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 212:

  The primary purpose of the passage is to

  A. utilize a theoretical model to compare two sales tactics

  B. explain the rationales for the adoption of each of two alternative sales tactics

  C. illustrate ways in which a salesperson might employ each of two sales tactics

  D. clarify why each of two sales tactics is appropriate for a particular type of product line

  E. demonstrate how different product lines require different sales tactics

  Correct Answer: C

  Salespersons have employed two major sales tactics in order to influence customers to make relatively high-priced selections when presented with sequenced product lines (lines with graduated attributes and prices). The top-down tactic begins by presenting information on the highest-priced model and descends down the product line, explaining the sacrifices made with each step down. The way people use decision heuristics (rules of thumb) to simplify complex, information-rich decision tasks may explain the success of top-down selling. The "anchoring-and-adjustment" theory suggests that such mental shortcuts can systematically bias the decision outcome, as decision-makers start from an initial value or anchor point and adjust to yield a final decision. The bottom-up sales tactic starts by presenting the lowest- priced model as the reference point and steps up to higher-priced models. Salespersons seek to communicate that the more expensive item is actually a better value. But nothing in the decision-heuristics literature supports the bottom-up strategy as an effective tactic, and to the extent that the anchoring-and- adjustment theory explains the effectiveness of top-down selling, it suggests that the bottom-up tactic should be ineffective. Furthermore, some psychologists suggest that customers may attribute less honesty and credibility to a salesperson who is trying to step them up the product line to a more expensive model; if true, this could limit the tactic's effectiveness.

• Question 213:

  Many oppose the national economic planning program that the government is Initiating because they fear that It will Impair the ability of corporations to make rational economic choices. But that program will never work anyway. There Is no reason, therefore, to expect the negative effect those people fear.

  A. The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

  B. Attempting to make the program work would not impair the ability of corporations to make rational economic choices.

  C. If a toss of rational economic choices occurred, a decline In productivity would result.

  D. The program would work If private businesses were left with some freedom to make economic choices.

  E. Those who reject the program view such a plan as a measure of last resort.

  F. Those who support the program do not believe that it would affect the ability of corporations to make rational economic choices.

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 214:

  Although New York City was planning a huge reception to welcome Amelia Earhart home from her solo trans-Atlantic flight in 1932, she telegraphed Mayor James Walker requesting that they cancel the ceremonies, with the money being spent on the needs of the unemployed.

  A. that they cancel the ceremonies, with the money being

  B. that they cancel the ceremonies and the money to be

  C. that the ceremonies be canceled and that the money be

  D. the cancellation of the ceremonies and the money to be

  E. the cancellation of the ceremonies, with the money

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 215:

  The passage mentions "high-frequency changes in inventory" (see bolded text) in order to

  A. explain how rapidly the process of inventory change can be effected

  B. isolate the causal factors that contribute to the changes in production that have been observed

  C. show how the concept of inventory is identical to the concept of buffer stock

  D. identify a kind of event that can help determine whether producers actually use inventories in the way described

  E. demonstrate that when changes in inventory are fast enough, efficient smoothing of production is achieved

  Correct Answer: D

  According to the production-smoothing buffer stock model, inventories of a firm's products allow it to supply unexpected demand without having to adjust output immediately. When costs per additional unit produced are increasing, using inventory to smooth production is efficient as long as the savings from not adjusting production exceed the cost of holding inventory. Inventory acts as a buffer stock, absorbing increases or decreases in demand while production remains relatively steady. If firms are smoothing production, then sales should vary more than production. If inventories are used as a buffer stock, then high-frequency changes in inventory should be in the opposite direction to sales. Empirical research using aggregate data does not confirm this expectation, however; production varies more than sales, and changes in inventory and sales tend to vary in the same direction. Thus either the production-smoothing buffer stock model is incorrect, or other factors ere preventing empirical confirmation of the smoothing effect. Most of the research that finds contradictions of production smoothing uses seasonally adjusted aggregate data concerning inventory and sales. It is possible that firms actually do use inventory to smooth production, but the research has failed to detect signs of this activity because the data are too highly aggregated over many firms. But even research at the level of individual companies has failed to confirm the model.

• Question 216:

  In a survey in which people were asked what would improve public school education, 76 percent cited higher teacher pay and 65 percent cited using standardized tests. What percent of those surveyed cited higher teacher pay but did not cite using standardized tests?

  (1)

  52 percent of those surveyed cited both higher teacher pay and using standardized tests.

  (2)

  11 percent of those surveyed cited neither higher teacher pay nor using standardized tests.

  A.

  Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.

  B.

  Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.

  C.

  BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE Is sufficient.

  D.

  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

  E.

  Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 217:

  

  A. Option A

  B. Option B

  C. Option C

  D. Option D

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 218:

  Purina her lifetime, when her 1922 book Etiquette was running second only to the Bible in United States sales. Emily Post was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae, even though her book argued against snobbery.

  A. During her lifetime, when her 1922 book Etiquette was running second only to the Bible in United States sales, Emily Post was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae, even

  B. While during her lifetime, Emily Post's 1922 book Etiquette running second in United States sales only to the Bible was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae,

  C. With Emily Post's 1922 book Etiquette running second only to the Bible in United States sales, even during her lifetime ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae,

  D. Emily Post was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae, when her 1922 book Etiquette was running second in United States sales only to the Bible, even during her lifetime,

  E. Emily Post's 1922 book Etiquette was running second only to the Bible in United States sales, during her lifetime was ridiculed as a period-piece snob focused on minutiae, even

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 219:

  According to the passage, the purpose of eel Junction molecules is to

  A. promote a variation in the molecular structure of plants and animals

  B. provide a conduit for information between eels

  C. supply proteins to a duster of cells

  D. initiate the morphoregulatory process

  E. increase the Interactive capabilities of the two classes of adhesion molecules

  Correct Answer: B

  What makes a rhinoceros look like a rhinoceros, or a petunia like a petunia? Understanding the basis of the generation of the forms, patterns, or shapes of complex organisms is a principal subject of biologist Gerald Edelman's stimulating book Topobiology, which explores the links among the development, evolution, form, and function of organisms. In older scientific language, one could say that Edelman has brought a new dimension to morphology, the study of the form and shape of animate and plants, and to histology, the study of the minute structure of tissues. The major thrust of his book te what he calls a morphoregulatory hypothesis, which can be described as the outline of a molecular basis for the formation of pattern, involving three types of genes. In the morphoregulatory sequence, morphoregulatory genes control the production of molecules that cause the formation of clusters of cells. When the cell dusters begin to communicate, they activate another type (selector genes) that then select and switch on a third type of gene (historegulatory genes). In the organisms they have studied, Edelman and his colleagues have found cell adhesion molecules (resulting from morphoregulatory gene action) that are attached to the surface of different cells and link them in clusters. These molecules can appear at different times in the development of a multicellular system, and at various specific sites on the cells. Furthermore, their chemical structure can vary. This tremendous variation allows a great flexibility in the kinds of linkages the molecules effect. A second class of adhesion molecules plays a comparable role In attaching cells to the developing scaffolding of filaments that lie outside cells. Also of particular interest to researchers are what are called cell Junction molecules, composed of clusters of proteins providing small channels from the inside of one cell to the Inside of another. These three types of molecules facilitate a kind of conversation among eels that determines the course of development of organisms. It has been possible to demonstrate how Important these molecules are by treating tissues with agents that block their functions, thus effectively and drastically changing the organism's development.

• Question 220:

  

  A. -1

  B. 0

  C. 2

  D. 3

  E. 6

  Correct Answer: D