Medical Tests Medical Tests Certifications NREMT Questions & Answers

• Question 51:

  There are many causes of syncope when does a syncopal episode usually happen?

  A. When the patient wakes up in the morning

  B. Upon standing

  C. When they go to bed

  D. Any time they feel like it

  Correct Answer: B

  Most syncopal episodes occur when the patient stands, postural hypotension,\. Blood has been pooling in the dependant appendages when the patient stands cardiac output drops and the patient passes out.

• Question 52:

  After aggressive airway control the next treatment choice would be epinephrine. Why would epinephrine be such a good choice?

  A. It speeds up the heart

  B. It constricts blood vessels

  C. It dilates the bronchioles

  D. All of the above

  Correct Answer: D

  Epinephrine has Alpha 1 and 2 beta 1 and 2 effects. Alpha 1 stimulation causes vaso constriction which works to counter the distributive shock. Alpha 2 stimulation regulates the amount of vaso constriction required to achieve desired results. Beta 1 stimulation increases the heart rate to increase cardiac output. Beta 2 stimulation dilates the bronchioles to counter act the reactive airway syndrome.

• Question 53:

  Anaphyltic shock is a form of distributive shock where the blood vessels _______________?

  A. Militate

  B. Constrict

  C. Leak

  D. Semipermible

  Correct Answer: A

  Due to the chemical release from the immune system bronchioles constrict and blood vessels to dilate dropping the blood pressure. Capillaries become permeable and leak a little causing hives to form on the skin. Distributive shock is difficult to recognize in the field, heart rate remains relatively low, skin is flushed due to the dilatation of the blood vessels.

• Question 54:

  Arriving on scene of any allergic reaction what is the clinicians first concern regarding the patient?

  A. What caused the reaction

  B. Is the airway swelling and respiratory effort

  C. Will I get stung

  D. Are there hives

  Correct Answer: B

  Airway edema and bronchial constriction/ edema (reactive airway) should be the first concern for the EMT to attend. With out an airway the patient will die, with out the ability to ventilate the patient then the patient will become hypoxic which may cause brain damage and death.

• Question 55:

  Which of the following routes of entry is the most common cause of anaphylactic reaction?

  A. Contact

  B. Ingestion

  C. Inhalation

  D. Injection

  Correct Answer: D

  Injection is the most common way an allergen will be exposed to a patient, medicine being injected by a syringe, insects stinging and animal bites

• Question 56:

  While interviewing a patient with a complaint of an allergic reaction, your partner asks, "What is new and different?" most patients with an allergy must be exposed to the allergen at some point, what is the process called?

  A. Allergic reaction

  B. Anaphylaxis

  C. Sensitization

  D. Anaphylactic reaction

  Correct Answer: C

  Sensitization is the process where an antigen enters the body and there is an immune response where antibodies are produced to protect the organism from an invader. The antibodies help protect the patient from developing an over reaction towards the antigen which will then become an anaphylactic reaction. Anaphylactic reaction is such a massive response against a first time exposure to an antigen this reaction looks like a full on anaphylaxis, the differential is no prior sensitization.

• Question 57:

  This type of seizure activity is absent of large muscle contractions, often just starring off in space.

  A. Petit mal

  B. Febrile

  C. Focal motor

  D. Grand mal

  Correct Answer: A

  Petit mal seizures are generally thought of as absence of seizure activity. They usually present with the young patient starring off in space with little to no muscle contractions. Petit mal seizures are generally short in nature and there is usually no postictal period, the patient just wakes up and realizes that something happened.

• Question 58:

  Your patient has a history of epilepsy, has had a seizure and has not recovered the way he normally does, according to his family. While assessing this unresponsive patient he suffers a second seizure what is this condition?

  A. Stacked seizures

  B. Status epilepticus

  C. Tonic-clonic

  D. Repeatius epilepticus

  Correct Answer: B

  When a patient as a second or subsequent seizures with out waking up this is classified as status epilepticus. This condition is a serious problem secondary hypoxia causing more cerebral irritation and propagation of ectopic foci which cause more seizures.

• Question 59:

  You arrive to find the patient actively seizing. What is your primary concern with this patient?

  A. What type of seizure is the patient having:

  B. Past medical history

  C. Last seizure

  D. Airway

  Correct Answer: D

  When a patient is actively seizing all muscles are contracting erratically with out coordination so there are

  ineffective respirations. Plus with every muscle contracting there is an increase in oxygen demand so the

  patient will be in oxygen debt.

  Also there may be a partial or complete airway obstruction.

• Question 60:

  Which of the following does not lead to seizure activity?

  A. Head injury

  B. Drug withdrawal

  C. Diabetes

  D. Epilepsy

  Correct Answer: C

  There are many complications secondary to diabetes and there certainly can be co-morbid chronic medical conditions however diabetes does not lead to seizure activity. A seizure can occur at the time of a head injury however, seizures usually develop during the recovery phase. Seizures from opiod withdrawal can occur as a result of the patient quitting the drug, running out or the use of an antagonist (Narcan).