HashiCorp HashiCorp Certifications TA-002-P Questions & Answers

• Question 311:

  True or False: A list(...) contain a number of values of the same type while an object(...) can contain a number of values of different types.

  A. False

  B. True

  Correct Answer: B

  Collection Types

  A collection type allows multiple values of one other type to be grouped together as a single value. The type of value within a collection is called its element type. All collection types must have an element type, which is provided as the

  argument to their constructor. For example, the type list(string) means "list of strings", which is a different type than list(number), a list of numbers. All elements of a collection must always be of the same type.

  The three kinds of collection type in the Terraform language are:

  *

  list(...): a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero. The keyword list is a shorthand for list(any), which accepts any element type as long as every element is the same type. This is for compatibility with

  older configurations; for new code, we recommend using the full form.

  *

  map(...): a collection of values where each is identified by a string label. The keyword map is a shorthand for map(any), which accepts any element type as long as every element is the same type. This is for compatibility with older

  configurations; for new code, we recommend using the full form.

  *

  set(...): a collection of unique values that do not have any secondary identifiers or ordering.

  https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html Structural Types

  A structural type allows multiple values of several distinct types to be grouped together as a single value. Structural types require a schema as an argument, to specify which types are allowed for which elements.

  The two kinds of structural type in the Terraform language are:

  * object(...): a collection of named attributes that each have their own type. The schema for object types is { = , = , ... }--a pair of curly braces containing a comma-separated series of = pairs.

  Values that match the object type must contain all of the specified keys, and the value for each key must match its specified type. (Values with additional keys can still match an object type, but the extra attributes are discarded during type

  conversion.)

  *

  tuple(...): a sequence of elements identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero, where each element has its own type. The schema for tuple types is [, , ...]--a pair of square brackets containing a comma-

  separated series of types. Values that match the tuple type must have exactly the same number of elements (no more and no fewer), and the value in each position must match the specified type for that position.

  For example: an object type of object({ name=string, age=number }) would match a value like the following:

  {

  name = "John"

  age = 52

  }

  Also, an object type of object({ id=string, cidr_block=string }) would match the object produced by a reference to an aws_vpc resource, like aws_vpc.example_vpc; although the resource has additional attributes, they would be discarded

  during type conversion. Finally, a tuple type of tuple([string, number, bool]) would match a value like the following:

  ["a", 15, true]

  https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html

• Question 312:

  What allows you to conveniently switch between multiple instances of a single configuration within its single backend?

  A. Local backends

  B. Providers

  C. Remote backends

  D. Workspaces

  Correct Answer: D

  Named workspaces allow conveniently switching between multiple instances of a single configuration within its single backend. ... A common use for multiple workspaces is to create a parallel, distinct copy of a set of infrastructure in order to test a set of changes before modifying the main production infrastructure. Workspaces, allowing multiple states to be associated with a single configuration. The configuration still has only one backend, but multiple distinct instances of that configuration to be deployed without configuring a new backend or changing authentication credentials. https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/workspaces.html

• Question 313:

  Terraform import command can import resources into modules as well directly into the root of your state.

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: A

  Import will find the existing resource from ID and import it into your Terraform state at the given ADDRESS. ADDRESS must be a valid resource address. Because any resource address is valid, the import command can import resources into

  modules as well directly into the root of your state.

  Terraform is able to import existing infrastructure. This allows us take resources we've created by some other means (i.e. via console) and bring it under Terraform management. This is a great way to slowly transition infrastructure to

  Terraform. The terraform import command is used to import existing infrastructure. To import a resource, first write a resource block for it in our configuration, establishing the name by which it will be known to Terraform. For example:

  resource "aws_instance" "import_example" {

  # ...instance configuration...

  }

  Now terraform import can be run to attach an existing instance to this resource configuration:

  $ terraform import aws_instance.import_example i-03efafa258104165f aws_instance.import_example: Importing from ID "i-03efafa258104165f"...

  aws_instance.import_example: Import complete!

  Imported aws_instance (ID: i-03efafa258104165f)

  aws_instance.import_example: Refreshing state... (ID: i-03efafa258104165f) Import successful!

  The resources that were imported are shown above. These resources are now in your Terraform state and will henceforth be managed by Terraform. This command locates the AWS instance with ID i-03efafa258104165f (which has been

  created outside Terraform) and attaches its existing settings, as described by the EC2 API, to the name aws_instance.import_example in the Terraform state. As a result of the above command, the resource is recorded in the state file. We

  can now run terraform plan to see how the configuration compares to the imported resource, and make any adjustments to the configuration to align with the current (or desired) state of the imported object.

  https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/import.html

• Question 314:

  ABC Enterprise has recently tied up with multiple small organizations for exchanging database information. Due to this, the firewall rules are increasing and are more than 100 rules. This is leading firewall configuration file that is difficult to manage. What is the way this type of configuration can be managed easily?

  A. Terraform Backends

  B. Terraform Functions

  C. Dynamic Blocks

  D. Terraform Expression

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 315:

  Which of the following type of variable allows multiple values of several distinct types to be grouped together as a single value?

  A. Map

  B. Object

  C. Tuple

  D. List

  Correct Answer: BC

  Structural type of variable allows multiple values of several distinct types to be grouped together as a single value. They require a schema as an argument, to specify which types are allowed for which elements. https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html

• Question 316:

  You want to get involved in the development of Terraform. As this is an open source project, you would like to contribute a fix for an open issue of Terraform. What programming language will need to use to write the fix?

  A. It depends on which command issue related to.

  B. Python

  C. Go

  D. Java

  Correct Answer: C

  Basic programming knowledge. Terraform and Terraform Plugins are written in the Go programming language, but even if you've never written a line of Go before, you're still welcome to take a dive into the code and submit patches. The community is happy to assist with code reviews and offer guidance specific to Go.

• Question 317:

  Terraform init can indeed be run only a few times, because, every time terraform init will initialize the project , and download all plugins from the internet repository , regardless of whether they were present or not , and this increases the waiting time

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: B

  Re-running init with modules already installed will install the sources for any modules that were added to configuration since the last init, but will not change any already-installed modules. Use-upgrade to override this behavior, updating all modules to the latest available source code. https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/init.html

• Question 318:

  lookup retrieves the value of a single element from which of the below data type?

  A. map

  B. set

  C. string

  D. list

  Correct Answer: A

  https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions/lookup.html

• Question 319:

  terraform state subcommands such as list are read-only commands, do read-only commands create state backup files?

  A. Yes

  B. No

  Correct Answer: B

  Subcommands that are read-only (such as list) do not write any backup files since they aren't modifying the state.

  All terraform state subcommands that modify the state write backup files. The path of these backup file can be controlled with-backup.

  https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/state/index.html#backups

• Question 320:

  In regards to deploying resources in multi-cloud environments, what are some of the benefits of using Terraform rather than a provider's native tooling? (select three)

  A. Terraform can help businesses deploy applications on multiple clouds and on-premises infrastructure.

  B. Terraform is not cloud-agnostic and can be used to deploy resources across a single public cloud.

  C. Terraform simplifies management and orchestration, helping operators build large-scale, multi-cloud infrastructure.

  D. Terraform can manage cross-cloud dependencies.

  Correct Answer: ACD

  Terraform is cloud-agnostic and allows a single configuration to be used to manage multiple providers, and to even handle cross-cloud dependencies. This simplifies management and orchestration, helping operators build large-scale multi-cloud infrastructures. https://www.terraform.io/intro/use-cases.html