EC-COUNCIL EC-COUNCIL Certifications 312-50 Questions & Answers

• Question 121:

  SNMP is a protocol used to query hosts, servers and devices about performance or health status data. Hackers have used this protocol for a long time to gather great amount of information about remote hosts. Which of the following features makes this possible?

  A. It is susceptible to sniffing

  B. It uses TCP as the underlying protocol

  C. It is used by ALL devices on the market

  D. It uses a community string sent as clear text

  Correct Answer: AD

  SNMP uses UDP, not TCP, and even though many devices uses SNMP not ALL devices use it and it can be disabled on most of the devices that does use it. However SNMP is susceptible to sniffing and the community string (which can be said acts as a password) is sent in clear text.

• Question 122:

  Peter, a Network Administrator, has come to you looking for advice on a tool that would help him perform SNMP enquires over the network. Which of these tools would do the SNMP enumeration he is looking for? Select the best answers.

  A. SNMPUtil

  B. SNScan

  C. SNMPScan

  D. Solarwinds IP Network Browser

  E. NMap

  Correct Answer: ABD

  SNMPUtil is a SNMP enumeration utility that is a part of the Windows 2000 resource kit. With SNMPUtil, you can retrieve all sort of valuable information through SNMP. SNScan is a SNMP network scanner by Foundstone. It does SNMP scanning to find open SNMP ports. Solarwinds IP Network Browser is a SNMP enumeration tool with a graphical tree-view of the remote machine's SNMP data.

• Question 123:

  A network admin contacts you. He is concerned that ARP spoofing or poisoning might occur on his network. What are some things he can do to prevent it? Select the best answers.

  A. Use port security on his switches.

  B. Use a tool like ARPwatch to monitor for strange ARP activity.

  C. Use a firewall between all LAN segments.

  D. If you have a small network, use static ARP entries.

  E. Use only static IP addresses on all PC's.

  Correct Answer: ABD

  By using port security on his switches, the switches will only allow the first MAC address that is connected to the switch to use that port, thus preventing ARP spoofing. ARPWatch is a tool that monitors for strange ARP activity. This may help identify ARP spoofing when it happens. Using firewalls between all LAN segments is possible and may help, but is usually pretty unrealistic. On a very small network, static ARP entries are a possibility. However, on a large network, this is not an realistic option. ARP spoofing doesn't have anything to do with static or dynamic IP addresses. Thus, this option won't help you.

• Question 124:

  What tool can crack Windows SMB passwords simply by listening to network traffic? Select the best answer.

  A. This is not possible

  B. Netbus

  C. NTFSDOS

  D. L0phtcrack

  Correct Answer: D

  This is possible with a SMB packet capture module for L0phtcrack and a known weaknesses in the LM hash algorithm.

• Question 125:

  As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company to ensure DNS security? Select the best answers.

  A. Use the same machines for DNS and other applications

  B. Harden DNS servers

  C. Use split-horizon operation for DNS servers

  D. Restrict Zone transfers

  E. Have subnet diversity between DNS servers

  Correct Answer: BCDE

  A is not a correct answer as it is never recommended to use a DNS server for any other application. Hardening of the DNS servers makes them less vulnerable to attack. It is recommended to split internal and external DNS servers (called

  split-horizon operation). Zone transfers should only be accepted from authorized DNS servers.

  By having DNS servers on different subnets, you may prevent both from going down, even if one of your networks goes down.

• Question 126:

  Exhibit:

  

  The following is an entry captured by a network IDS. You are assigned the task of analyzing this entry. You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel processor. You figure that the attacker is attempting a

  buffer overflow attack. You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output.

  As an analyst what would you conclude about the attack?

  A. The buffer overflow attack has been neutralized by the IDS

  B. The attacker is creating a directory on the compromised machine

  C. The attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack and has succeeded

  D. The attacker is attempting an exploit that launches a command-line shell

  Correct Answer: D

  This log entry shows a hacker using a buffer overflow to fill the data buffer and trying to insert the execution of /bin/sh into the executable code part of the thread. It is probably an existing exploit that is used, or a directed attack with a custom built buffer overflow with the "payload" that launches the command shell.

• Question 127:

  Exhibit:

  Based on the following extract from the log of a compromised machine, what is the hacker really trying to steal?

  A. har.txt

  B. SAM file

  C. wwwroot

  D. Repair file

  Correct Answer: B

  He is actually trying to get the file har.txt but this file contains a copy of the SAM file.

• Question 128:

  Exhibit: Study the following log extract and identify the attack.

  

  A. Hexcode Attack

  B. Cross Site Scripting

  C. Multiple Domain Traversal Attack

  D. Unicode Directory Traversal Attack

  Correct Answer: D

  The "Get /msadc/....../....../....../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?" shows that a Unicode Directory Traversal Attack has been performed.

• Question 129:

  Exhibit:

  

  What type of attack is shown in the above diagram?

  A. SSL Spoofing Attack

  B. Identity Stealing Attack

  C. Session Hijacking Attack

  D. Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) Attack

  Correct Answer: D

  A man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is an attack in which an attacker is able to read, insert and modify at will, messages between two parties without either party knowing that the link between them has been compromised.

• Question 130:

  What sequence of packets is sent during the initial TCP three-way handshake?

  A. SYN, URG, ACK

  B. FIN, FIN-ACK, ACK

  C. SYN, ACK, SYN-ACK

  D. SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK

  Correct Answer: D

  This is referred to as a "three way handshake." The "SYN" flags are requests by the TCP stack at one end of a socket to synchronize themselves to the sequence numbering for this new sessions. The ACK flags acknowlege earlier packets in this session. Obviously only the initial packet has no ACK flag, since there are no previous packets to acknowlege. Only the second packet (the first response from a server to a client) has both the SYN and the ACK bits set.