CompTIA CompTIA Certifications CLO-002 Questions & Answers

• Question 71:

  Which of the following can be used to achieve automation, environment consistency, and standardization of computer resources in a cloud environment?

  A. Content management system

  B. Automation

  C. Service-oriented architecture

  D. Infrastructure as code

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the ability to provision and support your computing infrastructure using code instead of manual processes and settings1. IaC can be used to achieve automation, environment consistency, and standardization of computer resources in a cloud environment, as it eliminates the need for developers to manually configure and manage servers, operating systems, database connections, storage, and other infrastructure elements every time they want to develop, test, or deploy a software application2. IaC also enables developers to easily duplicate, track, and version their infrastructure, and to avoid configuration errors and drifts that can cause deployment failures2. IaC is an essential DevOps practice, as it enables faster and more reliable software delivery lifecycles2. References: 1: AWS, What is Infrastructure as Code? - IaC Explained; 2: IBM, Infrastructure as Code | IBM

• Question 72:

  A company is migrating an application to a cloud hosting platform and needs GUI-based server access to install applications. Which of the following would be the BEST solution for the company?

  A. SSH

  B. RDP

  C. SFTP

  D. HTTPS

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a user to remotely access and control a graphical user interface (GUI) of another computer over a network. RDP can be used to install applications, configure settings, and perform administrative tasks on a cloud-hosted server. RDP is supported by Windows-based operating systems and some Linux distributions. RDP can also be accessed by using third-party software or web browsers. RDP provides a secure and encrypted connection between the client and the server, and supports features such as audio, video, clipboard, printer, and file sharing. RDP would be the best solution for a company that needs GUI-based server access to migrate an application to a cloud hosting platform. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a user to remotely access and execute commands on another computer over a network. SSH can be used to install applications, configure settings, and perform administrative tasks on a cloud-hosted server. SSH is supported by most operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. SSH provides a secure and encrypted connection between the client and the server, and supports features such as port forwarding, tunneling, and file transfer. However, SSH does not provide a GUI-based access, but rather a command-line interface (CLI) that requires the user to type commands and view text-based output. SSH would not be the best solution for a company that needs GUI-based server access to migrate an application to a cloud hosting platform. SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that allows a user to securely transfer files between two computers over a network. SFTP can be used to upload or download files to or from a cloud-hosted server. SFTP is supported by most operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. SFTP provides a secure and encrypted connection between the client and the server, and supports features such as file permissions, directory listing, and resume interrupted transfers. However, SFTP does not provide a GUI-based or a command-line access to the cloud-hosted server, but rather a file transfer interface that requires the user to specify the source and destination paths of the files. SFTP would not be the best solution for a company that needs GUI-based server access to migrate an application to a cloud hosting platform. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a protocol that allows a user to securely access and exchange information with a web server over a network. HTTPS can be used to browse, submit, or retrieve web pages or data from a cloud-hosted server. HTTPS is supported by most web browsers and web servers, including those that run on Windows, Linux, and macOS. HTTPS provides a secure and encrypted connection between the client and the server, and supports features such as authentication, authorization, and cookies. However, HTTPS does not provide a GUI-based or a command-line access to the cloud- hosted server, but rather a web-based interface that requires the user to use a web browser and follow the web server's logic and navigation. HTTPS would not be the best solution for a company that needs GUI-based server access to migrate an application to a cloud hosting platform. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO002 Study Guide, page 161-162; CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Training, CertMaster Learn for Cloud Essentials+, Module 4: Management and Technical Operations, Lesson 4.2: Cloud Networking, Topic 4.2.3: Remote Access Protocols

• Question 73:

  An IT team documented the procedure for upgrading an existing IT resource within the cloud. Which of the following BEST describes this procedure?

  A. Security procedure

  B. Incident management

  C. Change management

  D. Standard operating procedure

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Change management is the process of controlling the lifecycle of all changes to IT services, enabling beneficial changes to be made with minimum disruption and risk1. Change management involves documenting, assessing, approving, implementing, and reviewing changes to IT resources, such as hardware, software, configuration, or capacity2. Change management aims to ensure that changes are aligned with the business objectives, requirements, and expectations, and that they are delivered in a timely, efficient, and effective manner3. A procedure for upgrading an existing IT resource within the cloud is an example of change management, as it describes the steps and actions needed to make a change to the cloud service. A procedure for upgrading an IT resource should include the following elements4: The reason and objective for the upgrade The scope and impact of the upgrade The roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in the upgrade The prerequisites and dependencies for the upgrade The schedule and timeline for the upgrade The risks and mitigation strategies for the upgrade The testing and validation methods for the upgrade The communication and notification plan for the upgrade The rollback and recovery plan for the upgrade The evaluation and feedback mechanism for the upgrade A security procedure is a set of rules and guidelines that define how to protect IT resources from unauthorized access, use, modification, or destruction5. A security procedure is not the same as a procedure for upgrading an IT resource, as it focuses on the security aspects of the IT service, rather than the change aspects. An incident management is the process of restoring normal service operation as quickly as possible after an unplanned disruption or degradation. An incident management is not the same as a procedure for upgrading an IT resource, as it focuses on the incident aspects of the IT service, rather than the change aspects. A standard operating procedure (SOP) is a document that provides detailed instructions on how to perform a routine or repetitive task or activity. A standard operating procedure is not the same as a procedure for upgrading an IT resource, as it focuses on the operational aspects of the IT service, rather than the change aspects. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 6: Cloud Service Management, pages 229- 230.

• Question 74:

  Which of the following metrics defines how much data loss a company can tolerate?

  A. RTO

  B. TCO

  C. MTTR

  D. ROI

  E. RPO

  Correct Answer: E

  Explanation: RPO stands for recovery point objective, which is the maximum amount of data loss that a company can tolerate in the event of a disaster, failure, or disruption. RPO is measured in time, from the point of the incident to the last valid backup of the data. RPO helps determine how frequently the company needs to back up its data and how much data it can afford to lose. For example, if a company has an RPO of one hour, it means that it can lose up to one hour's worth of data without causing significant harm to the business. Therefore, it needs to back up its data at least every hour to meet its RPO. RPO is different from other metrics such as RTO, TCO, MTTR, and ROI. RTO stands for recovery time objective, which is the maximum amount of time that a company can tolerate for restoring its data and resuming its normal operations after a disaster. TCO stands for total cost of ownership, which is the sum of all the costs associated with acquiring, maintaining, and operating a system or service over its lifetime. MTTR stands for mean time to repair, which is the average time that it takes to fix a faulty component or system. ROI stands for return on investment, which is the ratio of the net profit to the initial cost of a project or investment. References: Recovery Point Objective: A Critical Element of Data Recovery - G2, What is a Recovery Point Objective? RPO Definition + Examples, Cloud Computing Pricing Models -CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide

• Question 75:

  A project manager is interested in the notification process a CSP follows after discovering a breach of customer data. Which of the following is MOST likely to provide the necessary information?

  A. Communication plans

  B. Incident response policy

  C. Service level agreement

  D. Access controls

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: A service level agreement (SLA) is a contract between a cloud service provider (CSP) and a customer that defines the level of service, performance, availability, and responsibilities of both parties1. An SLA may also include the notification process a CSP follows after discovering a breach of customer data, such as the time frame, the communication channels, the content and format of the notification, and the remediation actions2. A communication plan is a document that outlines the objectives, strategies, and tactics for communicating with different stakeholders, but it may not specify the details of the breach notification process3. An incident response policy is a set of guidelines and procedures for responding to security incidents, such as identifying, containing, analyzing, and recovering from them, but it may not be shared with the customer by the CSP4. Access controls are the mechanisms and policies that regulate who can access what resources and data in a cloud environment, but they are not related to the breach notification process5. References:

  1: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 3, page 75.

  2: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 3, page 77.

  3: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 3, page 79.

  4: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 4, page 105.

  5: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 4, page 107.

• Question 76:

  An IT company is planning to migrate its current infrastructure to the cloud due to support no longer being available and dependence on some legacy databases. Which of the following would be the BEST migration approach?

  A. Rip and replace

  B. Phased

  C. Hybrid

  D. Lift and shift

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: Lift and shift is a cloud migration approach that involves moving applications to the cloud as-is, without making any major changes to the application code or architecture. This approach is suitable for legacy applications that depend on specific databases or platforms that are no longer supported or available on-premise. Lift and shift can help reduce the cost and complexity of migration, while preserving the functionality and performance of the applications. However, lift and shift may not take full advantage of the cloud features and benefits, such as scalability, elasticity, and automation. Therefore, some applications may require further optimization or refactoring after the initial migration.

• Question 77:

  Which of the following cloud migration methods would be BEST suited for disaster recovery scenarios?

  A. Replatforming

  B. Phased

  C. Rip and replace

  D. Lift and shift

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: Lift and shift is a cloud migration method that involves moving an application or workload from one environment to another without making any significant changes to its architecture, configuration, or code. Lift and shift is also known as rehosting or forklifting. Lift and shift is best suited for disaster recovery scenarios because it allows for a fast and simple migration of applications or workloads to the cloud in case of a disaster or disruption in the original environment. Lift and shift can also reduce the risk of errors or compatibility issues during the migration process, as the application or workload remains unchanged. Lift and shift can also leverage the cloud's scalability, availability, and security features to improve the performance and resilience of the application or workload. However, lift and shift may not take full advantage of the cloud's native capabilities and services, and may incur higher operational costs due to the maintenance of the legacy infrastructure and software. Therefore, lift and shift may not be the best option for long-term or strategic cloud migration, but rather for short-term or tactical cloud migration for disaster recovery purposes. Replatforming, phased, and rip and replace are not the best cloud migration methods for disaster recovery scenarios, as they involve more changes and complexity to the application or workload, which may increase the migration time and risk. Replatforming is a cloud migration method that involves making some modifications to the application or workload to optimize it for the cloud environment, such as changing the operating system, database, or middleware. Replatforming is also known as replatforming or refactoring. Replatforming can improve the performance and efficiency of the application or workload in the cloud, but it may also introduce some challenges and costs, such as testing, debugging, and licensing. Phased is a cloud migration method that involves moving an application or workload to the cloud in stages or increments, rather than all at once. Phased is also known as iterative or hybrid. Phased can reduce the impact and risk of the migration process, as it allows for testing, feedback, and adjustment along the way. However, phased can also prolong the migration time and effort, as it requires more coordination and integration between the source and target environments. Rip and replace is a cloud migration method that involves discarding the existing application or workload and building a new one from scratch in the cloud, using cloud-native technologies and services. Rip and replace is also known as rebuild or cloud-native. Rip and replace can maximize the benefits and potential of the cloud, but it may also entail the highest cost and complexity, as it requires a complete redesign and redevelopment of the application or workload. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 7: Cloud Migration, Section 7.2: Cloud Migration Methods, Page 2111 and Cloud Migration Strategies: A Guide to Moving Your Infrastructure | Rackspace Technology

• Question 78:

  Which of the following can be set up to inform the consumer of rising performance thresholds?

  A. Alerts

  B. Audit

  C. Logging

  D. Scanning

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: According to the CompTIA Cloud Essentials objectives and documents, sandboxing is the best option for the DevOps team that wants to document the upgrade steps for its public database solution. Sandboxing is a technique that creates a virtual environment that is isolated from the production systems and allows the team to replicate multiple installations without affecting the real data or applications. Sandboxing is useful for testing, debugging, and experimenting with new features or configurations in a safe and controlled way. Sandboxing can also help the team to identify and resolve any potential issues or errors before deploying the upgrade to the production environment. The other options are not as suitable for the team's needs. Containerization is a method of packaging software code with the necessary dependencies and libraries to run it on any platform or cloud. Containerization is beneficial for creating portable and scalable applications that can run consistently across different environments. However, containerization does not provide a dedicated virtual environment that is separate from the production systems, nor does it allow the team to replicate multiple installations of the same software. Cold storage is a type of data storage that is used for infrequently accessed or archived data. Cold storage is typically cheaper and slower than hot storage, which is used for frequently accessed or active data. Cold storage is not relevant for the team's need to document the upgrade steps for its public database solution, as it does not involve data storage or access. Infrastructure as code is a practice of managing and provisioning cloud infrastructure using code or scripts, rather than manual processes or graphical user interfaces. Infrastructure as code is advantageous for automating and standardizing the deployment and configuration of cloud resources, such as servers, networks, or storage. However, infrastructure as code does not provide a dedicated virtual environment that is separate from the production systems, nor does it allow the team to replicate multiple installations of the same software. References: 1, 2, 3, 4

• Question 79:

  Which of the following would help a company avoid failure of a cloud project due to a lack of adherence of the company's operations and business processes to a cloud solution?

  A. Cloud managed services

  B. Company baseline

  C. Proof of value

  D. Industry benchmarks

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: A proof of value (POV) is a method of testing a cloud solution before fully adopting it, to ensure that it meets the company's operations and business processes. A POV can help a company avoid failure of a cloud project by validating the feasibility, functionality, and benefits of the cloud solution, and identifying any gaps or issues that need to be resolved. A POV can also help a company compare different cloud solutions and select the best one for their needs. A POV is different from a proof of concept (POC), which is a more technical demonstration of the cloud solution's capabilities and performance. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO002), Chapter 3: Cloud Planning, Section 3.2: Cloud Adoption, Subsection 3.2.2: Proof of Value1

• Question 80:

  A cloud systems administrator needs to log in to a remote Linux server that is hosted in a public cloud. Which of the following protocols will the administrator MOST likely use?

  A. HTTPS

  B. RDP

  C. Secure Shell

  D. Virtual network computing

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol that allows secure and encrypted communication between a client and a server over a network. SSH can be used to log in to a remote Linux server that is hosted in a public cloud, as well as to execute commands, transfer files, or tunnel other protocols. SSH uses public-key cryptography to authenticate the client and the server, and to encrypt the data exchanged between them. SSH is widely supported by most Linux distributions and cloud providers, and it can be accessed by various tools, such as PuTTY, OpenSSH, or WinSCP. SSH is more secure and reliable than other protocols, such as RDP, VNC, or Telnet, which may not support encryption, authentication, or compression. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Exam Objectives1, CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Study Guide, Chapter 6: Cloud Connectivity and Load Balancing2, How To Use The Remote Desktop Protocol To Connect To A Linux Server2