ISA ISA Certifications ISA-IEC-62443 Questions & Answers

• Question 81:

  Which of the following is an element of security policy, organization, and awareness?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. Product development requirements

  B. Staff training and security awareness

  C. Technical requirement assessment

  D. Penetration testing

  Correct Answer: B

  According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, security policy, organization, and awareness is one of the four foundational requirements for an IACS security management system. It defines the "policies, procedures, and organizational structure necessary to support the security program" 1. One of the elements of this requirement is staff training and security awareness, which involves "providing appropriate security education and training to all personnel who have access to or are responsible for IACS components" 1. This element aims to ensure that the staff are aware of the security risks, policies, and procedures, and are able to perform their roles and responsibilities in a secure manner. Staff training and security awareness can include topics such as security principles, threats and vulnerabilities, incident response, password management, physical security, and social engineering 2. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Series of Standards - ISA Security of Industrial Automation and Control Systems - ISAGCA

• Question 82:

  Which of the following is the BEST reason for periodic audits?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. To confirm audit procedures

  B. To meet regulations

  C. To validate that security policies and procedures are performing

  D. To adhere to a published or approved schedule

  Correct Answer: C

  Periodic audits are an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity standards, as they help to verify the effectiveness and compliance of the security program. According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, periodic audits should be conducted to evaluate the following aspects1: The security policies and procedures are consistent with the security requirements and objectives of the organization The security policies and procedures are implemented and enforced in accordance with the security program The security policies and procedures are reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the threat landscape, the IACS environment, and the business needs The security performance indicators and metrics are measured and reported to the relevant stakeholders The security incidents and vulnerabilities are identified, analyzed, and resolved in a timely manner The security awareness and training programs are effective and aligned with the security roles and responsibilities of the personnel The security audits and assessments are conducted by qualified and independent auditors The security audit and assessment results are documented and communicated to the appropriate parties The security audit and assessment findings and recommendations are addressed and implemented in a prioritized and systematic way Periodic audits are not only a means to meet regulations or adhere to a schedule, but also a way to validate that the security policies and procedures are performing as intended and achieving the desired security outcomes. Periodic audits also help to identify gaps and weaknesses in the security program and provide opportunities for improvement and enhancement. References: Periodic audits are an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 cybersecurity standards, as they help to verify the effectiveness and compliance of the security program. According to the ISA/IEC 62443-2-1 standard, periodic audits should be conducted to evaluate the following aspects1: The security policies and procedures are consistent with the security requirements and objectives of the organization The security policies and procedures are implemented and enforced in accordance with the security program The security policies and procedures are reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the threat landscape, the IACS environment, and the business needs The security performance indicators and metrics are measured and reported to the relevant stakeholders The security incidents and vulnerabilities are identified, analyzed, and resolved in a timely manner The security awareness and training programs are effective and aligned with the security roles and responsibilities of the personnel The security audits and assessments are conducted by qualified and independent auditors The security audit and assessment results are documented and communicated to the appropriate parties The security audit and assessment findings and recommendations are addressed and implemented in a prioritized and systematic way Periodic audits are not only a means to meet regulations or adhere to a schedule, but also a way to validate that the security policies and procedures are performing as intended and achieving the desired security outcomes. Periodic audits also help to identify gaps and weaknesses in the security program and provide opportunities for improvement and enhancement. References:

• Question 83:

  In which layer is the physical address assigned?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. Layer 1

  B. Layer 2

  C. Layer 3

  D. Layer 7

  Correct Answer: B

  According to the OSI model, the physical address is assigned in the layer 2, also known as the data link layer. The physical address is a unique identifier for each device on a network, such as a MAC address or a serial number. The data link layer is responsible for transferring data between adjacent nodes on a network, using the physical address to identify the source and destination of each frame. The data link layer also provides error detection and correction, flow control, and media access control. References: ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Exam Prep, section 2.2; ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Industrial Control System, section 3.1.2.

• Question 84:

  Which of the ISA 62443 standards focuses on the process of developing secure products?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. 62443-1-1

  B. 62443-3-2

  C. 62443-3-3

  D. 62443-4-1

  Correct Answer: D

  The ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards is divided into four main parts, each covering a different aspect of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) cybersecurity1: Part 1: Terminology, Concepts, and Models Part 2: Policies and Procedures Part 3: System Requirements Part 4: Component Requirements The part 4 of the series focuses on the requirements for the secure development and maintenance of products that are used in IACS, such as controllers, sensors, actuators, network devices, software applications, and cloud services. The part 4 consists of two standards1:

• Question 85:

  What are the three main components of the ISASecure Integrated Threat Analysis (ITA) Program?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. Software development security assurance, functional security assessment, and communications robustness testing

  B. Software robustness security testing, functional software assessment assurance, and essential security functionality assessment

  C. Communications robustness testing, functional security assurance, and software robustness communications

  D. Communication speed, disaster recovery, and essential security functionality assessment

  Correct Answer: A

  The ISASecure Integrated Threat Analysis (ITA) Program is a certification scheme that certifies off-the-shelf automation and control systems to the ISA/IEC 62443 series of standards1. The ITA Program consists of three main components2:

  Software Development Security Assurance (SDSA): This component evaluates the security lifecycle and practices of the product supplier, such as security requirements, design, implementation, verification, and maintenance. The SDSA

  certification is based on the ISA/IEC 62443-4-1 standard. Functional Security Assessment (FSA): This component verifies the security functions and features implemented in the product, such as identification and authentication, access

  control, encryption, audit logging, and security management. The FSA certification is based on the ISA/IEC 62443-4-2 standard. Communications Robustness Testing (CRT): This component tests the resilience of the product against network

  attacks, such as denial-of-service, fuzzing, spoofing, and replay. The CRT certification is based on the ISA/IEC 62443-4-2 and ISA/IEC 62443-3-3 standards .

  References:

  1: ISASecure - IEC 62443 Conformance Certification - Official Site

  2: ISASecure - IEC 62443 Conformance Certification - Official Site [3]: ISA/IEC 62443-4-1: Secure Product Development Lifecycle Requirements, ISA, 2018.

  [4]: ISA/IEC 62443-4-2: Technical Security Requirements for IACS Components, ISA, 2019.

  [5]: ISA/IEC 62443-4-2: Technical Security Requirements for IACS Components, ISA, 2019.

  [6]: ISA/IEC 62443-3-3: System Security Requirements and Security Levels, ISA, 2013.

• Question 86:

  Safety management staff are stakeholders of what security program development?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. CSMS

  B. SPRP

  C. CSA

  D. ERM

  Correct Answer: A

  Safety management staff are stakeholders of the CSMS, which stands for Cybersecurity Management System. The CSMS is a framework for managing the cybersecurity of industrial automation and control systems (IACS) based on the ISA/ IEC 62443-2-1 standard1. The CSMS defines the objectives, policies, metrics, and governance for the overall ICS security program2. The CSMS also includes the processes for risk assessment, security design, implementation, monitoring, and improvement3. Safety managementstaff are involved in the CSMS development and implementation, as they are responsible for ensuring the safety of the IACS and the people, environment, and assets that depend on it. Safety management staff need to coordinate with the security management staff to align the safety and security requirements, identify and mitigate the safety risks arising from cyber threats, and monitor and respond to safety incidents caused by cyberattacks. References:

  1: ISA/IEC 62443-2-1: Establishing an Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security Program, ISA, 2010.

  2: A Practical Approach to Adopting the IEC 62443 Standards - ISAGCA

  3: ISA ISA-IEC-62443 ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist Online Training - Exam4Training [4]: Using the ISA/IEC 62443 Standards to Secure Your Control System, ISA, 2018.

• Question 87:

  What is the FIRST step required in implementing ISO 27001?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. Create a security management organization.

  B. Define an information security policy.

  C. Implement strict security controls.

  D. Perform a security risk assessment.

  Correct Answer: B

  According to the ISO 27001 standard, the first step in implementing an Information Security Management System (ISMS) is to define an information security policy that establishes the direction and principles for information security in the organization1. The information security policy should be approved by top management and communicated to all relevant parties1. The other choices are not the first step, but rather subsequent steps in the ISMS implementation process. Creating a security management organization, performing a security risk assessment, and implementing strict security controls are all part of the ISMS planning phase, which follows the policy definition phase2. References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 5.2 2: How To Implement ISO 27001: A Step By Step Guide, Section 2

• Question 88:

  Which of the following PRIMARILY determines access privileges for user accounts?

  Available Choices (select all choices that are correct)

  A. Users' desire for ease of use

  B. Authorization security policy

  C. Common practice

  D. Technical capability

  Correct Answer: B

  Authorization security policy is the primary factor that determines access privileges for user accounts. Authorization security policy is the function of specifying access rights or privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular1. Authorization security policy defines who can access what resources, under what conditions, and for what purposes. Authorization security policy should be aligned with the business objectives and security requirements of the organization, and should be enforced by appropriate mechanisms and controls. Authorization security policy should also be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect changes in the environment, threats, and risks2. Authorization security policy is an essential part of the ISA/IEC 62443 standard, which provides a framework for securing industrial automation and control systems (IACS). The standard defines four security levels (SL) that represent the degree of protection against threats, and specifies the security capabilities that should be implemented for each SL. The standard also provides guidance on how to conduct a security risk assessment, how to define security zones and conduits, and how to apply security policies and procedures to the IACS environment34 . References:https://bing.com/search?q=authorization+security+policy https://learn.microsoft.com/enus/aspnet/core/security/authorization/policies?view=aspnetcore-7.0