Medical Tests Medical Tests Certifications NREMT Questions & Answers

• Question 81:

  A transient ischemic attack (TIA) often referred to as a mini stroke symptoms resolve with in 24 hours with out any ____________ effects, these symptoms are considered to be a TIA?

  A. With some minor deficits

  B. With some major long lasting effects

  C. With out any memory effects

  D. With out any permanent effects

  Correct Answer: D

  Most TIA's will resolve with in 15 minutes, however for it to be diagnosed as a TIA all signs and effects must be resolved with in 24 hours after onset. TIA's are often the precursor to a major stroke.

• Question 82:

  There are two types of cerebral vascular accident, CVA, (Stroke), the most common is an ischemic stroke. What is the other type?

  A. Transient ischemic attack

  B. Hemorrhagic

  C. Thrombotic

  D. Embolic

  Correct Answer: B

  The second type of cerebral vascular accident is a ,hemorrhagic stroke, a bleed. Thrombotic and embolic stroke are all clots or ischemic strokes where the blood flow is stopped by a clot. A transient ischemic attack is most often referred as a mini stroke, a prelude to a full on CVA.

• Question 83:

  Diabetic Ketoacidosis has the following signs and symptoms; Acetone on breath, dry skin, poor skin tugor, altered mental status, confusion, thirst and frequent urination. What other symptoms are associated with DKA?

  A. Normal mental status

  B. Appearance of intoxication

  C. Tremors

  D. Diaphoresis

  Correct Answer: B

  Due to the hyperglycemic state the kidneys try to diereses the glucose out of the blood stream the more dehydrated the patient becomes. As the blood becomes thicker and thicker the lower the cardiac output and the harder the heart has to work. With the excess glucose and incomplete combustion from other fuel sources the brain is impaired as if the patient is intoxicated.

• Question 84:

  An often fatal complication of diabetes, which is also the fist indication of diabetes in many young patients?

  A. Hypo glycemia

  B. Hypertension

  C. Cardiovascular disease

  D. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

  Correct Answer: D

  Often the first signs and symptoms of diabetes on set is diabetic Ketoacidosis. When there is no fuel, glucose, for the cells to burn the cells will burn fat and protein which does not burn clean. The incomplete combustion produce acids which are not cleared and build up which can be fatal if not treated aggressively. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease are long term complications of diabetes.

• Question 85:

  You find that your diabetic patient is hypoglycemic, you have oral glucose to give to the patient. You will give 15 grams of instant glucose to the following patients except?

  A. Conscious with blood sugar

  B. Semi conscious with gag reflex and the ability to swallow

  C. Semi conscious without the ability to swallow

  D. Conscious with an altered mental status and blood sugar of 80mg/dl

  Correct Answer: C

  The clinician should never give any patient who can not swallow anything by mouth, aspiration is a real risk. A patient with an altered mental status with a blood sugar of 80mg/dl should be given glucose to correct the mental status.

• Question 86:

  Your patient is a known diabetic who takes up to four insulin injections a day. Today he is found unresponsive, diaphoretic, tachycardic and breathing 18 times a minute. What is likely the patients chief complain?

  A. Hypoglycemia

  B. Hyperglycemia

  C. CVA D. Hypertensive crisis

  Correct Answer: A

  A known insulin dependant diabetic with the above symptoms is most likely hypoglycemia. The tachycardia and diaphoresis is from a catecholamine release trying to mobilize more glucose. This patient may very well have hypertension it just is not the reason for the unresponsiveness.

• Question 87:

  Your neuro assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals pin point pupils. What is your primary field diagnosis?

  A. Beta blocker overdose

  B. Insulin overdose

  C. Aspirin

  D. Narcotic

  Correct Answer: D

  Narcotics will cause pupils to constrict making them the classic pin point. All of the other medications mentioned here does not affect the pupils, they may very well cause an altered mental status.

• Question 88:

  You find the following medications with your patient who is not responding to your loud verbal stimuli, glucophage and Lipitor. What is likely the patients problem?

  A. High cholesterol

  B. High blood pressure

  C. Diabetic reaction

  D. Coronary Artery Disease

  Correct Answer: C

  Glucophage is a diabetic medication, you may not be able to identify what type of reaction your patient is having without more diagnostic testing but it puts you looking in the correct direction. The Lipitor may come into play later on in long term care but high cholesterol generally has not effect on mental status the way hypo or hyperglycemia will.

• Question 89:

  You arrive on scene to find a patient with an altered mental status, you quickly scan the scene. Which of the following items will help to point you in the right direction in finding a cause of the altered mental

  status?

  A. Unkept house with animal fur and dirt on the floor

  B. Medications including high blood pressure, anxiety and depression

  C. A smell of dirty clothes and cat fecces

  D. Over the counter (OCT) pain relievers

  Correct Answer: B

  The scene survey can lead to some very important clues to what might be going on with your patient. Medications for specific medical conditions can lead you in the correct direction. Not only does it give you the patients past medical history, but it tells where to start your assessment and investigation of the patients signs and symptoms.. While an unkept house and smells can tell you about how the patients life style and ability to care for themselves

• Question 90:

  What does PMS stand for during your assessment of a patient's lower extremity?

  A. Pedial , Motion, Sensation

  B. Pain, Motion, Severity

  C. Pulse, Motor function, Sensation

  D. Pulse, Motor sensation, Severity

  Correct Answer: C

  PMS stands for Pulse, Motor function, Sensation. It is especially to asses for PMS after splinting an extremity.