The security team has identified a web service that is running with elevated privileges A Linux administrator is working to change the systemd service file to meet security compliance standards. Given the following output: Which of the following remediation steps will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user?
A. Removing the ExecStarWusr/sbin/webserver -D SOPTIONS from the service file
B. Updating the Environment File line in the [Service] section to/home/webservice/config
C. Adding the User-webservice to the [Service] section of the service file
D. Changing the:nulti-user.target in the [Install] section to basic.target
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The remediation step that will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user is adding the User=webservice to the [Service] section of the service file. The service file is a configuration file that defines the properties and behavior of a systemd service. The systemd is a system and service manager that controls the startup and operation of Linux systems. The service file contains various sections and options that specify how the service should be started, stopped, and managed. The [Service] section defines how the service should be executed and what commands should be run. The User option specifies the user name or ID that the service should run as. The webservice is the name of the user that the administrator wants to run the web service as. The administrator should add the User=webservice to the [Service] section of the service file, which will prevent the web service from running as a privileged user, such as root, and improve the security of the system. This is the correct remediation step to use to prevent the web service from running as a privileged user. The other options are incorrect because they either do not change the user that the service runs as (removing the ExecStart=/usr/sbin/webserver -D OPTIONS from the service file or updating the EnvironmentFile line in the [Service] section to /home/webservice/config) or do not affect the user that the service runs as (changing the multiuser.target in the [Install] section to basic.target). References: CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 15: Managing System Services, page 458.
Question 202:
A Linux administrator needs to resolve a service that has failed to start. The administrator runs the following command:
The following output is returned
Which of the following is MOST likely the issue?
A. The service does not have permissions to read write the startupfile.
B. The service startupfile size cannot be 81k.
C. The service startupfile cannot be owned by root.
D. The service startupfile should not be owned by the root group.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The most likely issue is that the service does not have permissions to read or write the startupfile. The output of systemct1 status startup.service shows that the service has failed to start and the error message is "Permission denied". The output of ls -l /etc/startupfile shows that the file has the permissions -rw-r--r--, which means that only the owner (root) can read and write the file, while the group (root) and others can only read the file. The service may not run as root and may need write access to the file. The administrator should change the permissions of the file by using the chmod command and grant write access to the group or others, or change the owner or group of the file by using the chown command and assign it to the user or group that runs the service. The other options are incorrect because they are not supported by the outputs. The file size, owner, and group are not the causes of the issue. References: CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 11: Managing Files and Directories, pages 345-346.
Question 203:
A systems administrator wants to list all local accounts in which the UID is greater than 500. Which of the following commands will give the correct output?
A. find /etc/passwd --size +500
B. cut --d: fl / etc/ passwd > 500
C. awk -F: `$3 > 500 {print $1}' /etc/passwd
D. sed '/UID/' /etc/passwd < 500
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The correct command to list all local accounts in which the UID is greater than 500 is:
awk -F: '$3 > 500 {print $1}' /etc/passwd
This command uses awk to process the /etc/passwd file, which contains information about the local users on the system. The -F: option specifies that the fields are separated by colons. The $3 refers to the third field, which is the UID. The
condition $3 > 500 filters out the users whose UID is greater than 500. The action {print $1} prints the first field, which is the username.
The other commands are incorrect because:
find /etc/passwd --size +500 will search for files that are larger than 500 blocks in size, not users with UID greater than 500.
cut --d: fl / etc/ passwd > 500 will cut the first field of the /etc/passwd file using colon as the delimiter, but it will not filter by UID or print only the usernames. The > 500 part will redirect the output to a file named 500, not compare with the UID.
sed '/UID/' /etc/passwd < 500 will use sed to edit the /etc/passwd file and replace any line that contains UID with 500, not list the users with UID greater than 500. The < 500 part will redirect the input from a file named 500, not compare with
the UID.
References:
Linux List All Users In The System Command - nixCraft, section "List all users in Linux using /etc/passwd file".
Unix script getting users with UID bigger than 500 - Stack Overflow, section "Using awk".
Question 204:
A systems administrator intends to use a UI-JID to mount a new partition per-manently on a Linux system. Which of the following commands can the adminis-trator run to obtain information about the UUlDs of all disks attached to a Linux system?
A. fcstat
B. blkid
C. dmsetup
D. Isscsi
Correct Answer: B
To obtain information about the UUIDs of all disks attached to a Linux system, the administrator can run the command blkid (B). This will display the block device attributes, including the UUID, label, type, and partition information. The other
commands are not related to this task. References:
[CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide], Chapter 5: Managing Filesystems and Logical Volumes, Section: Identifying Disks by UUID
[How to Use blkid Command in Linux]
Question 205:
A Linux administrator modified the SSH configuration file. Which of the following commands should be used to apply the configuration changes?
A. systemct1 stop sshd
B. systemct1 mask sshd
C. systemct1 reload sshd
D. systemct1 start sshd
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The systemct1 reload sshd command can be used to apply the configuration changes of the SSH server daemon without restarting it. This is useful to avoid interrupting existing connections. The systemct1 stop sshd command would stop the SSH server daemon, not apply the changes. The systemct1 mask sshd command would prevent the SSH server daemon from being started, not apply the changes. The systemct1 start sshd command would start the SSH server daemon if it is not running, but it would not apply the changes if it is already running. References: CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 12: Secure Shell (SSH), page 415.
Question 206:
Several users reported that they were unable to write data to the /oracle1 directory. The following output has been provided:
Which of the following commands should the administrator use to diagnose the issue?
A. df -i /oracle1
B. fdisk -1 /dev/sdb1
C. lsblk /dev/sdb1
D. du -sh /oracle1
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The administrator should use the command df -i /oracle1 to diagnose the issue of users being unable to write data to the /oracle1 directory. This command will show the inode usage of the /oracle1 filesystem, which indicates how many files and directories can be created on it. If the inode usage is 100%, it means that no more files or directories can be added, even if there is still free space on the disk. The administrator can then delete some unnecessary files or directories, or increase the inode limit of the filesystem, to resolve the issue. The other options are not correct commands for diagnosing this issue. The fdisk -l /dev/sdb1 command will show the partition table of /dev/sdb1, which is not relevant to the inode usage. The lsblk /dev/sdb1 command will show information about /dev/sdb1 as a block device, such as its size, mount point, and type, but not its inode usage. The du -sh /oracle1 command will show the disk usage of /oracle1 in human-readable format, but not its inode usage. References: CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 7: Managing Disk Storage; How to Check Inode Usage in Linux - Fedingo
Question 207:
An application developer received a file with the following content:
The developer must use this information to create a test bed environment and identify the image (myimage) as the first version for testing a new
application before moving it to production. Which of the following commands will accomplish this task?
A. docker build -t myimage:1.0 .
B. docker build -t myimage: .
C. docker build -t myimage-1.0 .
D. docker build -i myimage:1.0 .
Correct Answer: A
The docker build command is used to build an image from a Dockerfile and a context1. The Dockerfile is a text file that contains the instructions for creating the image, and the context is a set of files that can be used in the image creation
process1. The file that the developer received is an example of a Dockerfile.
The -t option is used to specify a name and an optional tag for the image1. The name and tag are separated by a colon (:), and the tag is usually used to indicate the version of the image2. For example, -t myimage:1.0 means that the image
will be named myimage and tagged as 1.0.
The last argument of the docker build command is the path to the context, which can be a local directory or a URL1. The dot (.) means that the current working directory is the context2. Therefore, docker build -t myimage:1.0 . means that the
image will be built from the Dockerfile and the files in the current working directory, and it will be named myimage and tagged as 1.0.
Question 208:
A cloud engineer needs to remove all dangling images and delete all the images that do not have an associated container. Which of the following commands will help to accomplish this task?
A. docker images prune -a
B. docker push images -a
C. docker rmi -a images
D. docker images rmi --all
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The command docker images prune -a will help to remove all dangling images and delete all the images that do not have an associated container. The docker command is a tool for managing Docker containers and images. The images subcommand operates on images. The prune option removes unused images. The -a option removes all images, not just dangling ones. A dangling image is an image that is not tagged and is not referenced by any container. This command will accomplish the task of cleaning up the unused images. The other options are incorrect because they either do not exist (docker push images -a or docker images rmi --all) or do not remove images (docker rmi -a images only removes images that match the name or ID of "images"). References: CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005) Certification Study Guide, Chapter 19: Managing Cloud and Virtualization Technologies, page 567.
Question 209:
A Linux administrator needs to create a symlink for /usr/local/bin/app-a, which was installed in /usr/local/share/app-a. Which of the following commands should the administrator use?
A. In -s /usr/local/bin/app-a /usr/local/share/app-a
B. mv -f /usr/local/share/app-a /usr/local/bin/app-a
C. cp -f /usr/local/share/app-a /usr/local/bin/app-a
D. rsync -a /usr/local/share/app-a /usr/local/bin/app-a
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: To create a symlink for /usr/local/bin/app-a, which was installed in /usr/local/share/app-a, the administrator can use the command ln -s /usr/local/share/app-a /usr/local/bin/app-a (A). This will create a symbolic link named /usr/
local/bin/app-a that points to the original file /usr/local/share/app-a. The other commands will not create a symlink, but either move, copy, or synchronize the file. References:
[CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide], Chapter 3: Working with Files, Section: Creating Links
[How to Create Symbolic Links in Linux]
Question 210:
A new disk was presented to a server as /dev/ sdd. The systems administrator needs to check if a partition table is on that disk. Which of the following commands can show this information?
A. Isscsi
B. fdisk
C. blkid
D. partprobe
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The command that can be used to check if a partition table is on a disk is fdisk. The fdisk command can display, create, delete, and modify partitions on a disk. To show the partition table of a disk, the administrator can use fdisk -l
/dev/sdd (B).
References:
[CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide], Chapter 5: Managing Filesystems and Logical Volumes, Section: Partitioning Disks
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