If an individual is in the action stage, he or she
A. Intends to start exercising in the next 6 months.
B. Participates in some exercise, but does so irregularly.
C. Has been physically active on a regular basis for less than 6 months.
D. Has been physically active on a regular basis for more than 6 months.
The Transtheoretical Model assumes that individuals
A. Move through the stages of behavioral change at a steady pace.
B. Only progress forward through the stages.
C. Move back and forth along the stage continuum.
D. Tend to use behavioral processes during the earlier stages of change.
The three functions of the Participant-Centered Education and Counseling Model include
A. Identifying high-risk situations, developing a plan for these situations, and eliminating "all-or- none" thinking.
B. Information gathering, developing a helping relationship, and participant education and counseling.
C. Exhibiting empathy, legitimizing a client's concerns, and forming a partnership.
D. Assessing, asking questions, and establishing a supportive relationship.
Verbal encouragement, material incentives, self praise, and use of specific contingency contracts are examples of
A. Shaping.
B. Reinforcement.
C. Antecedent control.
D. Setting goals.
The concept of shaping refers to
A. Using self-monitoring techniques (e.g., exercise logs).
B. Using visual prompts (e.g., packing a gym bag the night before) as reminders to exercise.
C. The process for establishing self-efficacy.
D. Setting intermediate goals that lead to a long-term goal.
Encouraging moderate-intensity activity and the accumulation of activity throughout the day are examples of
A. Relapse prevention counseling.
B. Using the stages of change.
C. Allowing individuality in exercise choices.
D. Addressing the individual's agenda.
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral process in the Transtheoretical Model?
A. Consciousnessraising.
B. Stimulus control
C. Dramatic relief.
D. Environmental reevaluation.
One mistake that health care providers and exercise promoters make is to
A. Assume that most individuals are ready to change their behavior.
B. Encourage the accumulation of moderate intensity activity throughout the day.
C. Legitimize a client's concerns.
D. Use the five A's strategy for counseling.
Referrals to other sources may be required if someone
A. Has health problems.
B. Reports symptoms of depression.
C. Has an eating disorder.
D. All of the above.
Establishing specific expectations of what you are, willing to do as a counselor and staying focused on exercise/physical activity issues and behavioral skills related to exercise are strategies for handling which type of client?
A. Adissatisfied client.
B. A needy client.
C. A hostile client.
D. A shy client.
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