Which of the following is the one true statement concerning the surgical treatment of CAD?
A. A coronary artery stent carries a lower rate ofrestenosis than does PTCA.
B. Atherectomy is a prerequisite requirement for PTCA.
C. Venous grafts are significantly superior to arterial grafts in terms of patency.
D. Long term outcome of laser angioplasty is unknown and, thus, are rarely used.
The goal of risk stratification is to
A. Determine the prognosis.
B. Assess the disease severity.
C. Confirm the diagnosis.
D. Increase the safety of exercise participation.
What is the correct term and definition to describe a potential complication that may occur after an acute MI?
A. Expansion-another MI.
B. Aneurysm-bulging of the ventricular wall.
C. Extension-left ventricular dilation.
D. Rupture-coronary artery breaks open.
Modifiable primary risk factors for CAD include
A. Hypertension,dyslipidemia, advancing age, and tobacco smoking.
B. Homocysteine, lipoprotein( a), C-reactive protein, and t- P A.
C. Obesity, DM, tobacco smoking, and sedentary lifestyle.
D. Tobacco smoking,dyslipidemia, hypertension, and homocysteine.
What is the current state of knowledge on progression or regression of atherosclerosis in human coronary arteries?
A. Regression of atherosclerosis has been observed in clinical studies.
B. Regression of atherosclerosis has yet to be observed in clinical studies
C. Progression of atherosclerosis begins at puberty.
D. The rate of progression or regression between those who undergo usual medical care is no different from that in those who aggressively control risk factors.
All of the following are suggestive of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease EXCEPT A. Palpitations that occur at rest.
B. Dyspnea during strenuous exertion.
C. Syncope during moderate-intensity exercise training.
D. Substernal burning during exertion that dissipates with rest.
The aging-related loss of elasticity (or "hardening") of the arteries is known as
A. Atherosclerosis.
B. Arteriosclerosis.
C. Atheroma.
D. Adventitia.
The deficiency of blood flow to the myocardium that results when oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply is known as
A. Infarction.
B. Angina.
C. Ischemia.
D. Thrombosis.
What procedure uses a clot-dissolving agent during acute MI to restore blood flow and limit myocardial necrosis?
A. PTCA.
B. Thrombolytic therapy.
C. Radionuclide imaging.
D. CABGS.
A cardiac patient is taking a l3-blocker medication. During an exercise test, you would expect
A. A radioisotope (e.g.,Cardiolite) to be administered, because l3-blockers depress the ST segment on the resting ECG.
B. An increase in the angina threshold compared to a test without the medication.
C. N a change in heart rate or blood pressure compared to a test without the medication.
D. A slight decrease or no effect on blood pressure compared to a test without the medication.
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