A company wants to install a three-tier approach to separate the web. database, and application servers A security administrator must harden the environment which of the following is the best solution?
A. Deploying a VPN to prevent remote locations from accessing server VLANs
B. Configuring a SASb solution to restrict users to server communication
C. Implementing microsegmentation on the server VLANs
D. installing a firewall and making it the network core
Correct Answer: C
The best solution to harden a three-tier environment (web, database, and application servers) is to implement microsegmentation on the server VLANs. Here's why:
Enhanced Security: Microsegmentation creates granular security zones within the data center, allowing for more precise control over east-west traffic between servers. This helps prevent lateral movement by attackers who may gain access
to one part of the network.
Isolation of Tiers: By segmenting the web, database, and application servers, the organization can apply specific security policies and controls to each segment, reducing the risk of cross-tier attacks. Compliance and Best Practices:
Microsegmentation aligns with best practices for network security and helps meet compliance requirements by ensuring that sensitive data and systems are properly isolated and protected.
Question 172:
Asecuntv administrator is performing a gap assessment against a specific OS benchmark The benchmark requires the following configurations be applied to endpomts:
1.
Full disk encryption
2.
Host-based firewall
3.
Time synchronization
4.
Password policies
5.
Application allow listing
6.
Zero Trust application access
Which of the following solutions best addresses the requirements? (Select two).
A. CASB
B. SBoM
C. SCAP
D. SASE
E. HIDS
Correct Answer: CD
To address the specific OS benchmark configurations, the following solutions are most appropriate:
C. SCAP (Security Content Automation Protocol): SCAP helps in automating vulnerability management and policy compliance, including configurations like full disk encryption, host-based firewalls, and password policies. D. SASE (Secure Access Service Edge): SASE provides a framework for Zero Trust network access and application allow listing, ensuring secure and compliant access to applications and data. These solutions together cover the comprehensive security requirements specified in the OS benchmark, ensuring a robust security posture for endpoints.
References:
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide: Discusses SCAP and SASE as part of security configuration management and Zero Trust architectures. NIST Special Publication 800-126, "The Technical Specification for the Security Content Automation
Protocol (SCAP)": Details SCAP's role in security automation. "Zero Trust Networks: Building Secure Systems in Untrusted Networks" by Evan Gilman and Doug Barth: Covers the principles of Zero Trust and how SASE can implement them.
By implementing SCAP and SASE, the organization ensures that all the specified security configurations are applied and maintained effectively.
Question 173:
SIMULATION A product development team has submitted code snippets for review prior to release. INSTRUCTIONS Analyze the code snippets, and then select one vulnerability, and one fix for each code snippet. Code Snippet 1
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 1:
1.
SQL injection
2.
Cross-site request forgery
3.
Server-side request forgery
4.
Indirect object reference
5.
Cross-site scripting
Fix 1:
1.
Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
2.
Perform output encoding of queryResponse,
3.
Ensure usex:ia belongs to logged-in user.
4.
Inspect URLS and disallow arbitrary requests.
5.
Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Vulnerability 2 1) Denial of service 2) Command injection 3) SQL injection 4) Authorization bypass 5) Credentials passed via GET
Fix 2
1.
Implement prepared statements and bind variables.
2.
Remove the serve_forever instruction.
3.
Prevent the "authenticated" value from being overridden by a GET parameter.
4.
HTTP POST should be used for sensitive parameters.
5.
Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
Code Snippet 1 Vulnerability 1: SQL injection SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or unauthorized access. Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field. Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection by validating and filtering the user input values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query. Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values. Code Snippet 2 Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or deleting data. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise. Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens. Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action. The anti-forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be predictable or reusable by an attacker. This way, only legitimate web requests from the user's browser can be accepted by the server.
Question 174:
SIMULATION
You are tasked with integrating a new B2B client application with an existing OAuth workflow that must meet the following requirements:
1.
The application does not need to know the users' credentials.
2.
An approval interaction between the users and the HTTP service must be orchestrated.
3.
The application must have limited access to users' data.
INSTRUCTIONS
Use the drop-down menus to select the action items for the appropriate locations. All placeholders must be filled.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
Select the Action Items for the Appropriate Locations:
Authorization Server:
Resource Server:
B2B Client Application:
Detailed Explanation:
OAuth 2.0 is designed to provide specific authorization flows for web applications, desktop applications, mobile phones, and living room devices. The integration involves multiple steps and components, including:
Resource Owner (User):
Client Application (B2B Client Application):
Authorization Server:
Resource Server:
OAuth Workflow:
The resource owner accesses the client application. The client application redirects the resource owner to the authorization server for authentication.
The authorization server authenticates the resource owner and asks for consent to grant access to the client application.
Upon consent, the authorization server issues an authorization code or token to the client application.
The client application uses the authorization code or token to request access to the resources from the resource server.
The resource server verifies the token with the authorization server and, if valid, grants access to the requested resources.
References:
CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: Provides comprehensive information on various authentication and authorization protocols, including OAuth. OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework (RFC 6749): The official documentation detailing the OAuth
2.0 framework, its flows, and components. OAuth 2.0 Simplified: A book by Aaron Parecki that provides a detailed yet easy- to-understand explanation of the OAuth 2.0 protocol. By ensuring that each component in the OAuth workflow performs its designated role, the B2B client application can securely access the necessary resources without compromising user credentials, adhering to the principle of least privilege.
Question 175:
SIMULATION
A security engineer needs to review the configurations of several devices on the network to meet the following requirements:
1.
The PostgreSQL server must only allow connectivity in the 10.1.2.0/24 subnet.
2.
The SSH daemon on the database server must be configured to listen to port 4022.
3.
The SSH daemon must only accept connections from a Single workstation.
4.
All host-based firewalls must be disabled on all workstations.
5.
All devices must have the latest updates from within the past eight days.
6.
All HDDs must be configured to secure data at rest.
7.
Cleartext services are not allowed.
8.
All devices must be hardened when possible.
Instructions:
Click on the various workstations and network devices to review the posture assessment results. Remediate any possible issues or indicate that no issue is found.
Click on Server A to review output data. Select commands in the appropriate tab to remediate connectivity problems to the pOSTGREsql DATABASE VIA ssh
WAP A
PC A
Laptop A
Switch A
Switch B:
Laptop B
PC B
PC C
Server A
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
WAP A: No issue found. The WAP A is configured correctly and meets the requirements.
PC A = Enable host-based firewall to block all traffic
This option will turn off the host-based firewall and allow all traffic to pass through. This will comply with the requirement and also improve the connectivity of PC A to other devices on the network. However, this option will also reduce the
security of PC A and make it more vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, it is recommended to use other security measures, such as antivirus, encryption, and password complexity, to protect PC A from potential threats.
Laptop A: Patch management
This option will install the updates that are available for Laptop A and ensure that it has the most recent security patches and bug fixes. This will comply with the requirement and also improve the performance and stability of Laptop A.
However, this option may also require a reboot of Laptop A and some downtime during the update process. Therefore, it is recommended to backup any important data and close any open applications before applying the updates.
Switch A: No issue found. The Switch A is configured correctly and meets the requirements.
Switch B: No issue found. The Switch B is configured correctly and meets the requirements.
Laptop B: Disable unneeded services
This option will stop and disable the telnet service that is using port 23 on Laptop B. Telnet is a cleartext service that transmits data in plain text over the network, which exposes it to eavesdropping, interception, and modification by attackers.
By disabling the telnet service, you will comply with the requirement and also improve the security of Laptop B. However, this option may also affect the functionality of Laptop B if it needs to use telnet for remote administration or other
purposes. Therefore, it is recommended to use a secure alternative to telnet, such as SSH or HTTPS, that encrypts the data in transit.
PC B: Enable disk encryption
This option will encrypt the HDD of PC B using a tool such as BitLocker or VeraCrypt. Disk encryption is a technique that protects data at rest by converting it into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted with a valid key or password.
By enabling disk encryption, you will comply with the requirement and also improve the confidentiality and integrity of PC B's data. However, this option may also affect the performance and usability of PC B, as it requires additional processing
time and user authentication to access the encrypted data. Therefore, it is recommended to backup any important data and choose a strong key or password before encrypting the disk.
PC C: Disable unneeded services
This option will stop and disable the SSH daemon that is using port 22 on PC C. SSH is a secure service that allows remote access and command execution over an encrypted channel. However, port 22 is the default and well-known port for
SSH, which makes it a common target for brute-force attacks and port scanning. By disabling the SSH daemon on port 22, you will comply with the requirement and also improve the security of PC C. However, this option may also affect the
functionality of PC C if it needs to use SSH for remote administration or other purposes. Therefore, it is recommended to enable the SSH daemon on a different port, such as 4022, by editing the configuration file using the following command:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Server A. Need to select the following:
Question 176:
SIMULATION
You are a security analyst tasked with interpreting an Nmap scan output from company's privileged network.
The company's hardening guidelines indicate the following:
There should be one primary server or service per device.
Only default ports should be used.
Non-secure protocols should be disabled.
INSTRUCTIONS
Using the Nmap output, identify the devices on the network and their roles, and any open ports that should be closed.
For each device found by Nmap, add a device entry to the Devices Discovered list, with the following information:
The IP address of the device
The primary server or service of the device (Note that each IP should by associated with one service/port only)
The protocol(s) that should be disabled based on the hardening guidelines (Note that multiple ports may need to be closed to comply with the hardening guidelines)
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
10.1.45.65 SFTP Server Disable 8080
10.1.45.66 Email Server Disable 415 and 443
10.1.45.67 Web Server Disable 21, 80
10.1.45.68 UTM Appliance Disable 21
Question 177:
SIMULATION
An organization is planning for disaster recovery and continuity of operations, and has noted the following relevant findings:
1.
A natural disaster may disrupt operations at Site A, which would then cause an evacuation. Users are unable to log into the domain from-their workstations after relocating to Site B.
2.
A natural disaster may disrupt operations at Site A, which would then cause the pump room at Site B to become inoperable.
3.
A natural disaster may disrupt operations at Site A, which would then cause unreliable internet connectivity at Site B due to route flapping.
INSTRUCTIONS
Match each relevant finding to the affected host by clicking on the host name and selecting the appropriate number.
For findings 1 and 2, select the items that should be replicated to Site B. For finding 3, select the item requiring configuration changes, then select the appropriate corrective action from the drop-down menu.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
Matching Relevant Findings to the Affected Hosts:
Finding 1:
Finding 2:
Finding 3:
Corrective Actions for Finding 3:
Finding 3 Corrective Action:
Replication to Site B for Finding 1:
Replication to Site B for Finding 2:
Configuration Changes for Finding 3:
References:
CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: This guide provides detailed information on disaster recovery and continuity of operations, emphasizing the importance of replicating critical services and making necessary configuration changes to ensure
seamless operation during disruptions.
CompTIA Security+ Exam Objectives: These objectives highlight key areas in disaster recovery planning, including the replication of critical services and network configuration adjustments.
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning (DRBCP): This resource outlines best practices for ensuring that operations can continue at an alternate site during a disaster, including the replication of essential services and network
stability measures.
By ensuring that critical services like DNS and control systems for pumps are replicated at the alternate site, and by addressing network routing issues through proper BGP configuration, the organization can maintain operational continuity
and minimize the impact of natural disasters on their operations.
Question 178:
SIMULATION
During the course of normal SOC operations, three anomalous events occurred and were flagged as potential IoCs. Evidence for each of these potential IoCs is provided.
INSTRUCTIONS
Review each of the events and select the appropriate analysis and remediation options for each IoC.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
Analysis and Remediation Options for Each IoC:
IoC 1:
Evidence:
Analysis:
Remediation:
IoC 2:
Evidence:
Analysis:
Remediation:
IoC 3:
Evidence:
Analysis:
Remediation:
References:
CompTIA Security+ Study Guide: This guide offers detailed explanations on identifying and mitigating various types of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) and the corresponding analysis and remediation strategies. CompTIA Security+ Exam
Objectives: These objectives cover key concepts in network security monitoring and incident response, providing guidelines on how to handle different types of security events.
Security Operations Center (SOC) Best Practices: This resource outlines effective strategies for analyzing and responding to anomalous events within a SOC, including the use of blocklists, endpoint controls, and network configuration
changes.
By accurately analyzing the nature of each IoC and applying the appropriate remediation measures, the organization can effectively mitigate potential security threats and maintain a robust security posture.
Question 179:
SIMULATION
An IPSec solution is being deployed. The configuration files for both the VPN concentrator and the AAA server are shown in the diagram.
Complete the configuration files to meet the following requirements:
1.
The EAP method must use mutual certificate-based authentication (With issued client certificates).
2.
The IKEv2 Cipher suite must be configured to the MOST secure authenticated mode of operation,
3.
The secret must contain at least one uppercase character, one lowercase character, one numeric character, and one special character, and it must meet a minimum length requirement of eight characters,
INSTRUCTIONS
Click on the AAA server and VPN concentrator to complete the configuration.
Fill in the appropriate fields and make selections from the drop-down menus.
VPN Concentrator:
AAA Server:
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHolder
C. PlaceHolder
D. PlaceHolder
Correct Answer: A
VPN Concentrator:
AAA Server:
Question 180:
SIMULATION
As a security administrator, you are asked to harden a server running Red Hat Enterprise Server 5.5 64-bit.
This server is being used as a DNS and time server. It is not used as a database, web server, or print server. There are no wireless connections to the server, and it does not need to print.
The command window will be provided along with root access. You are connected via a secure shell with root access.
You may query help for a list of commands.
Instructions:
You need to disable and turn off unrelated services and processes.
It is possible to simulate a crash of your server session. The simulation can be reset, but the server cannot be rebooted. If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
A. See the complete solution below in Explanation.
B. PlaceHoder
C. PlaceHoder
D. PlaceHoder
Correct Answer: A
In Order to deactivate web services, database services and print service, we can do following things 1) deactivate its services /etc/init.d/apache2 stop /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 2) close ports for these services Web Server iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REJECTservice iptables save Print Server iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j REJECTservice iptables save Database Server iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport <> -j REJECTservice iptables save 3) Kill the process any running for the same ps -aef|grep mysql kill -9 <>
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