CompTIA CompTIA Certifications CLO-002 Questions & Answers

• Question 51:

  A company hired a DevOps engineer to move business systems to the cloud. The current systems administrator does not have scripting experience and has been deploying servers manually. Which of the following would BEST optimize this process?

  A. Infrastructure as code deployment model

  B. API integration to a cloud provider

  C. Load testing

  D. Continuous delivery/continuous integration

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Infrastructure as code (IaC) is a key DevOps practice that involves the management of infrastructure, such as networks, compute services, databases, storages, and connection topology, in a descriptive model. IaC allows teams to develop and release changes faster and with greater confidence. IaC avoids manual configuration and enforces consistency by representing desired environment states via well-documented code in formats such as JSON. Infrastructure deployments with IaC are repeatable and prevent runtime issues caused by configuration drift or missing dependencies. IaC also helps teams to provision multiple test environments reliably on demand. Therefore, IaC would best optimize the process of moving business systems to the cloud and reduce the need for scripting experience and manual deployment. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Cloud Migration, page 1971; What is infrastructure as code (IaC)? - Azure DevOps2

• Question 52:

  Which of the following should be considered to ensure the availability of data that is accessed across multiple sites? (Choose two.)

  A. Auto-scaling

  B. Geo-redundancy

  C. Backup

  D. Provisioning

  E. Locality

  F. Zones

  Correct Answer: BC

  Explanation: Geo-redundancy and backup are two methods that can ensure the availability of data that is accessed across multiple sites. Geo-redundancy is the practice of storing data in more than one geographic location, such as different regions, countries, or continents. This can improve the data availability by reducing the impact of natural disasters, network failures, or malicious attacks that may affect one site. Geo-redundancy can also improve the data performance by allowing users to access the data from the nearest or fastest site. Backup is the process of creating and storing copies of data that can be used to restore the original data in case of data loss, corruption, or deletion. Backup can ensure the data availability by providing a way to recover the data from a previous state, such as before a hardware failure, software error, or human error. Backup can also protect the data from accidental or intentional modifications that may compromise its integrity or security. Geo-redundancy and backup are different from other options, such as auto-scaling, provisioning, locality, and zones. Auto-scaling is the ability of a cloud service to automatically adjust the amount of resources allocated to a workload based on the demand or usage. Provisioning is the process of allocating and configuring the resources needed to run a cloud service or application. Locality is the principle of storing data close to where it is used, such as in the same region, country, or jurisdiction. Zones are logical or physical subdivisions of a cloud region that provide isolation and redundancy for the cloud resources. While these options may also affect the data availability, they do not directly address the data access across multiple sites, which is the focus of the question. References: Extending a Datastore Across Two Sites with Stretched Clusters, SQL Server Multi-Subnet Clustering - SQL Server Always On, What Is a Distributed Database? {Features, Benefits and Drawbacks}, Cloud Computing Availability - CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide

• Question 53:

  A company with critical resources in the cloud needs to ensure data is available in multiple datacenters around the world.

  Which of the following BEST meets the company's needs?

  A. Auto-scaling

  B. Geo-redundancy

  C. Disaster recovery

  D. High availability

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: Geo-redundancy is the best option for a company that needs to ensure data availability in multiple datacenters around the world. Geo-redundancy is the duplication of IT infrastructure and data across geographically dispersed

  locations, such as different regions or continents1. Geo-redundancy provides several benefits for cloud-based applications, such as:

  High availability: Geo-redundancy can improve the availability of cloud services by reducing the impact of regional outages, disasters, or network failures. If one datacenter becomes unavailable, the application can switch to another

  datacenter that has a copy of the data and continue to operate2. Performance: Geo-redundancy can enhance the performance of cloud services by reducing the latency and bandwidth consumption for users who are located far from the

  primary datacenter. By having datacenters closer to the users, the application can deliver faster and more consistent responses3. Compliance: Geo-redundancy can help the company comply with regulatory or legal requirements that

  mandate data sovereignty or data protection. By having datacenters in different jurisdictions, the company can store and process data according to the local laws and regulations4.

  The other options are not as suitable as geo-redundancy for the company's needs because:

  Auto-scaling: Auto-scaling is the ability of cloud services to automatically adjust the amount of resources allocated to an application based on the demand and workload. Auto-scaling can improve the scalability and cost-efficiency of cloud

  services, but it does not guarantee data availability in multiple datacenters5. Disaster recovery: Disaster recovery is the process of restoring the normal operation of an application after a disruption or failure. Disaster recovery can involve

  backup, restore, and failover mechanisms, but it does not necessarily require data replication across multiple datacenters. High availability: High availability is the degree to which an application can operate without interruption or downtime.

  High availability can be achieved by using redundant components, load balancing, and fault tolerance techniques, but it does not imply data distribution across multiple datacenters.

  References:

  1: Georedundancy - Open Telekom Cloud

  2: Why geo-redundancy for cloud infrastructure is a `must have'

  3: Use geo-redundancy to design highly available applications

  4: Protect your cloud infrastructure with geo-redundancy - Data Centre Review

  5: What is Auto Scaling? - Amazon Web Services : What is Disaster Recovery? - Microsoft Azure : What is High Availability? - IBM Cloud

• Question 54:

  A project manager must inform the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the additional resources necessary to migrate services to the cloud successfully.

  Which of the following cloud assessments would be MOST appropriate to use for the recommendation?

  A. Feasibility study

  B. Gap analysis

  C. Future requirements

  D. Baseline report

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A gap analysis is a process of comparing the current state and the desired state of a system or a process and identifying the gaps or differences between them. A gap analysis can help an organization to determine the steps and resources needed to achieve its goals and objectives. A gap analysis can be used for cloud migration to assess the readiness and suitability of the existing services and applications for the cloud, and to identify the gaps in terms of performance, security, functionality, compatibility, and cost. A gap analysis can also help to prioritize the migration tasks and to estimate the time and effort required for the migration1. The other options are not appropriate for the recommendation: Feasibility study: This is a process of evaluating the viability and benefits of a proposed project or solution. A feasibility study can help an organization to determine whether a project is worth pursuing, and to identify the potential risks and challenges involved. A feasibility study can be used for cloud migration to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of moving to the cloud, and to compare different cloud service models and providers. A feasibility study can also help to define the scope and objectives of the migration project2. However, a feasibility study is not sufficient to inform the CIO of the additional resources necessary for the migration, as it does not provide a detailed analysis of the gaps and requirements of the existing services and applications. Future requirements: These are the needs and expectations of the organization and its stakeholders for the future state of the system or the process. Future requirements can help an organization to plan and design the system or the process to meet the changing demands and opportunities. Future requirements can be used for cloud migration to envision the desired outcomes and benefits of moving to the cloud, and to align the migration strategy with the business strategy and goals3. However, future requirements are not specific enough to inform the CIO of the additional resources necessary for the migration, as they do not provide a detailed analysis of the gaps and requirements of the existing services and applications. Baseline report: This is a document that records the current state and performance of the system or the process, and serves as a reference point for measuring the progress and improvement. A baseline report can help an organization to monitor and evaluate the system or the process, and to identify the areas of strength and weakness. A baseline report can be used for cloud migration to measure the performance and functionality of the existing services and applications, and to compare them with the cloud-based services and applications4. However, a baseline report is not comprehensive enough to inform the CIO of the additional resources necessary for the migration, as it does not provide a detailed analysis of the gaps and requirements of the existing services and applications. References: Gap Analysis for Cloud Migration Feasibility Study for Cloud Migration Future Requirements for Cloud Migration Baseline Report for Cloud Migration

• Question 55:

  Which of the following are aspects of cloud data availability? (Choose two.)

  A. Resource tagging

  B. Data sovereignty

  C. Locality

  D. Zones

  E. Geo-redundancy

  F. Auto-scaling

  Correct Answer: DE

  Explanation: Cloud data availability is the process of ensuring that data is accessible to end users and applications, when and where they need it. It defines the degree or extent to which data is readily usable along with the necessary IT and

  management procedures, tools and technologies required to enable, manage and continue to make data available1. Cloud data availability is influenced by several aspects, such as:

  Zones: Zones are logical or physical partitions of a cloud region that have independent power, cooling, and networking infrastructure. They are designed to isolate failures within a region and provide high availability and fault tolerance for

  cloud services and data. For example, Google Cloud2 and Azure3 offer availability zones that allow users to distribute their resources and data across multiple zones within a region, ensuring that if one zone experiences an outage, the other

  zones can continue to function and serve the data.

  Geo-redundancy: Geo-redundancy is the practice of replicating or storing data across multiple geographic locations or regions. It is intended to improve data availability and durability by protecting data from regional disasters, network failures,

  or malicious attacks. For example, Google Cloud2 and Azure3 offer geo- redundant storage options that allow users to store their data in two or more regions, ensuring that if one region becomes unavailable, the data can be accessed from

  another region.

  Resource tagging is the practice of assigning metadata or labels to cloud resources, such as instances, volumes, or buckets. It is used to organize, manage, and monitor cloud resources and data, but it does not directly affect data availability.

  Data sovereignty is the concept that data is subject to the laws and regulations of the country or region where it is stored or processed. It is a legal and compliance issue that affects data security, privacy, and governance, but it does not

  directly affect data availability.

  Locality is the concept that data is stored or processed close to the source or destination of the data. It is used to optimize data performance, latency, and bandwidth, but it does not directly affect data availability.

  Auto-scaling is the practice of automatically adjusting the amount or type of cloud resources, such as instances, nodes, or pods, based on the demand or load of the data. It is used to optimize data efficiency, scalability, and reliability, but it

  does not directly affect data availability. References:

  Cloud Storage | Google Cloud

  Data Availability: Ensuring Continued Functioning of Business Ops What are Azure availability zones? | Microsoft Learn What is Data Availability? - Definition from Techopedia

• Question 56:

  Which of the following allows for the management of network policies from a central portal while maintaining a hardware-agnostic approach?

  A. Virtual private network

  B. Software-defined network

  C. Load balancing

  D. Direct Connect

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A software-defined network (SDN) is a network architecture that allows for the management of network policies from a central portal while maintaining a hardware- agnostic approach. SDN separates the control plane, which is responsible for making decisions about how to route traffic, from the data plane, which is responsible for forwarding traffic based on the control plane's instructions. SDN enables network administrators to configure, monitor, and manage network devices and services using a software application, regardless of the vendor or type of hardware. SDN also provides automation, programmability, scalability, and flexibility for network operations. A virtual private network (VPN) is a network technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the Internet. A VPN allows remote users to access a private network and its resources securely. A VPN is not related to the management of network policies from a central portal or the hardware-agnostic approach of SDN. Load balancing is a network technique that distributes traffic across multiple servers or devices to optimize performance, reliability, and availability. Load balancing can be implemented using hardware or software, but it does not provide the same level of centralized management and control as SDN. Direct Connect is a service offered by some cloud providers that allows customers to establish a dedicated network connection between their on-premises network and the cloud provider's network. Direct Connect bypasses the public Internet and provides lower latency, higher bandwidth, and more consistent network performance. However, Direct Connect is not a generic network architecture that supports a hardware-agnostic approach, and it does not offer the same degree of network programmability and automation as SDN. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO- 002 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Cloud Design Principles, Section 4.2: Cloud Network Concepts, Page 1051 and What is software-defined networking (SDN)? | Cloudflare

• Question 57:

  Which of the following cloud characteristics helps transform from a typical capital expenditure model to an operating expenditure model?

  A. Pay-as-you-go

  B. Elasticity

  C. Self-service

  D. Availability

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Pay-as-you-go is a pricing model in which customers pay only for the resources they consume, such as compute, storage, network, or software services4. Pay- as-you-go helps transform from a typical capital expenditure model

  to an operating expenditure model by eliminating the upfront costs of purchasing and maintaining physical infrastructure and software licenses5. Pay-as-you-go also provides flexibility and scalability to adjust the resource consumption

  according to the changing business needs6.

  References:

  Consumption and fixed cost models, Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework What is Cloud Elasticity in Cloud Computing?, The Iron.io Blog CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 2:

  Business Principles of Cloud Environments, page 51

• Question 58:

  A vendor wants to distribute a cloud management application in a format that can be used on both public and private clouds, but one that does not include an underlying OS that would require patching and management. Which of the following would BEST meet this need?

  A. Containerization

  B. Federation

  C. Collaboration

  D. Microservices

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Containerization is a software deployment process that bundles an application's code with all the files and libraries it needs to run on any infrastructure. Containerization does not include an underlying operating system that would require patching and management, as containers share the host operating system kernel and run in isolated user spaces. Containerization allows applications to run consistently and portably on any platform or cloud, regardless of the differences in operating systems, hardware, or configurations. Containerization also enables faster and easier deployment, scalability, and fault tolerance of applications. Therefore, containerization would best meet the need of a vendor who wants to distribute a cloud management application in a format that can be used on both public and private clouds. The other options are not relevant to the question. Federation is a process of integrating multiple cloud services or providers to create a unified cloud environment. Collaboration is a process of working together on a shared project or goal using cloud-based tools and platforms. Microservices are a software architecture style that breaks down a complex application into smaller, independent, and loosely coupled services that communicate through APIs. Microservices can be implemented using containers, but they are not a software deployment format. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Containerization. References: What is Containerization? - Containerization Explained - AWS, Containerization Explained | IBM, Microservices and containerisation - what IT manager needs to know, Containerized Microservices - Xamarin | Microsoft Learn.

• Question 59:

  A business analyst is writing a disaster recovery strategy. Which of the following should the analyst include in the document? (Select THREE).

  A. Capacity on demand

  B. Backups

  C. Resource tagging

  D. Replication

  E. Elasticity

  F. Automation

  G. Geo-redundancy

  H. Autoscaling

  Correct Answer: BDG

  Explanation: A disaster recovery strategy is a plan that defines how an organization can recover its data, systems, and operations in the event of a disaster, such as a natural calamity, a cyberattack, or a human error. A disaster recovery strategy should include the following elements12: Backups: Backups are copies of data and files that are stored in a separate location from the original source. Backups help to restore the data in case of loss, corruption, or deletion. Backups can be performed manually or automatically, and can be stored on-premises, off-site, or in the cloud. Backups should be encrypted, secured, and tested regularly to ensure their integrity and availability3. Replication: Replication is the process of copying and synchronizing data and systems across multiple locations or platforms. Replication helps to maintain the consistency and availability of the data and systems in case of a failure or outage. Replication can be done at different levels, such as storage, database, application, or virtual machine. Replication can be synchronous or asynchronous, depending on the latency and bandwidth requirements4. Geo-redundancy: Geo-redundancy is a feature that allows the distribution and replication of data and systems across multiple geographic regions or zones. Geo- redundancy helps to ensure the resiliency and continuity of the data and

  systems in case of a regional disaster or disruption. Geo-redundancy can also improve the performance and latency of the data and systems by serving the requests from the nearest location. Geo-redundancy can be achieved by using cloud

  services that offer multi-region or multi-zone capabilities5 .

  References: [CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002)], Chapter 4: Risk Management, pages 105-106.

• Question 60:

  Transferring all of a customer's on-premises data and virtual machines to an appliance, and then shipping it to a cloud provider is a technique used in a:

  A. phased migration approach.

  B. replatforming migration approach.

  C. rip and replace migration approach.

  D. lift and shift migration approach.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: A lift and shift migration approach, also known as rehosting, is a cloud migration strategy where applications and infrastructure are moved from one environment to another without making substantial changes to the underlying architecture123. This approach can be faster, cheaper, and less risky than other migration strategies, as it does not require extensive redesign or reconfiguration of the applications. However, it may also limit the ability to leverage the native features and benefits of the cloud platform, such as scalability, elasticity, and performance1245. One of the challenges of a lift and shift migration is transferring large amounts of data and virtual machines over the network, which can be time-consuming, costly, and prone to errors. To overcome this challenge, some cloud providers offer a technique where the customer can transfer all of their on-premises data and virtual machines to an appliance, such as a physical storage device or a server, and then ship it to the cloud provider. The cloud provider then uploads the data and virtual machines to the cloud platform, where they can be accessed by the customer12. This technique can reduce the network bandwidth and latency issues, as well as the security risks, associated with transferring data over the internet. However, it may also introduce additional costs and delays for shipping and handling the appliance, as well as the risk of damage or loss during transit2. Therefore, transferring all of a customer's on-premises data and virtual machines to an appliance, and then shipping it to a cloud provider is a technique used in a lift and shift migration approach. References:

  1: Lift and Shift: An Essential Guide | IBM

  2: What Is Lift and Shift? | 5 Strategies to Consider | NetApp

  3: What Is Lift and Shift Migration? | Pure Storage

  4: Lift and Shift: Business Benefits, Planning and Execution - NetApp

  5: Lift and Shift Cloud Migration: Benefits, Disadvantages and Use Cases ...