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• Question 71:

  Editorial: For the past two years, our dty has used photo radar to enforce speed limits at several Intersections, automatically photographing cars, measuring their speeds, and mailing tickets to offending drivers. In the second year of the program, the annual number of violations observed by photo radar dropped by 5 percent. This shows that the program has been effective at reducing speeding on the monitored streets.

  The editorial's reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on which of the following grounds?

  A. It overlooks the possibility that speeding may have increased on many streets not monitored by photo radar.

  B. It takes for granted that any other method of enforcing speed limits would be less effective than photo radar.

  C. It fails to adequately address the possibility that the annual number of speeding violations in the city may fluctuate at random from year to year.

  D. It conflates the claim that photo radar may Increase the incidence of speeding with the claim that a reduction in speeding has resulted in fewer observed violations.

  E. It confuses a justified conclusion about the program's effectiveness with an unsubstantiated explanation of why the program has been effective.

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 72:

  Which of the following is the most likely reason that the author mentions the work o* the astronomers in 1998 (see highlighted text)?

  A. To counter the common view among astronomers in 1998 that no planets orbited around HR 8799

  B. To show that Earth based telescopes are generally more accurate than is the Hubble telescope

  C. To help explain why scientists felt it necessary to archive the Hubble images of HR8799

  D. To highlight the potential value that the new technique could have for Researchers

  E. To emphasize mistakes researchers made in 1998 when examining the Hubble images of HR 8799

  Correct Answer: D

  Previously unknown extrasolar planets-planets outside our solar system-- probably await discovery In archival images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. A new technique allows astronomers to model the amount and distribution of scattered light produced by young stars suspected of spawning planets and remove that light from images of those stars. Once the glare of the parent stars' light is removed, planets may show up In Images already taken by Hubble's infrared cameras, since heat emitted by planets produces telltale wavelengths of infrared light. In 2008, astronomers using powerful Earth-based telescopes were able to detect three planets orbiting the star HR 8799 that were not previously detected by astronomers who examined infrared Hubble images of the star in 1998. David Lafrentere--a member of the team of astronomers who detected the planets in 2006 --then applied the new technique to those Hubble images and managed to uncover the outermost of the three planets. The others, tying closer to the star, still could not be distinguished against the background of the star's light. Lafrenifre's work has helped reaffirm the importance of maintaining long-term archives, and--because Hubble's infrared cameras record some wavelengths of light that cannot penetrate through the atmosphere to reach Earth's surface- revealed new information about the outermost of HR 8799's planets.

• Question 73:

  The company's long-term planning statement, particularly the sections condemning temporary price adjustments and new customer-service approaches, were criticized for being insufficiently responsive to the current business climate.

  A. approaches, were criticized for being

  B. approaches being criticized as

  C. approaches, was criticized as

  D. approaches, criticized for being

  E. approach was criticized as

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 74:

  According to the passage, Karev's hypothesis suggests which of the following about people's choices of seating in movie theaters?

  A. They are random.

  B. They are seldom preceded by deliberation.

  C. They depend primarily on habits formed in childhood.

  D. They are primarily affected by variations in visual acuity.

  E. They often function to facilitate processing of certain kinds of information,

  Correct Answer: E

  Despite overall physiological bilateral symmetry, many species exhibit lateralized biases, i.e., preferences for right- or left-oriented behavior. When approaching prey, for example, some predator species favor their right eye; some prey species respond more quickly when their left eye detects a predator. Similar behavioral asymmetries occur in humans. Most notable is right- and lefthandedness; less notable is the tendency to turn right when entering a room. Paul Farnsworth found that more successful students tended to choose seats near the front, a little to the right. He argued that external factors such as teacher location might have affected this lateral bias. But it is now known that processing differences between the two brain hemispheres can also contribute to behavioral asymmetries. George Karev found that when presented with a movie theater seating diagram, right-handed people were more likely than left-handed people to choose a seat on the right, facing front. But he hypothesized that, since the right hemisphere processes visuospatial and emotional information, the people who chose right- side seats did so because that would put the screen in their left visual field, optimizing information flow to the right hemisphere. Although the right hemisphere is thought to be dominant in processing emotion, some evidence suggests that the left hemisphere plays a role. The valence model proposes that the left and right hemispheres process positive and negative emotion respectively, while the approach-withdrawal model posits that the left hemisphere processes emotion expressed in approach behavior and the right hemisphere processes emotion expressed in withdrawal behavior. Victoria Harms and colleagues suggested that since a paper seating plan was used in the theater-seating studies by Karev and others, the exhibited preference might be due simply to handedness: people choose the same side of the paper as their favored hand. Consequently, the Harms research was designed to study choices in an actual movie theater. Also, hoping to distinguish between various explanations, they studied seating chaices for comedies (presumed to contain positive emotional content), dramas (presumed to contain negative emotional content), and documentaries (presumed to have balanced emotional content). They found significant--though not universal-- preference for seats on the right, facing front, regardless of movie genre and of handedness.

• Question 75:

  Many large stone heads have been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica and have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa, but it does not necessarily suggest that the founders of Olmec civilization came directly from Africa, since many indigenous peoples of countries such as Cambodia and the Philippines have similar characteristics.

  A. Many large stone heads have been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica and have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa, but it

  B. Many large stone heads, having been discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica, and with facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa,

  C. Facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa on many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica

  D. That many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica have facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa

  E. There are facial features similar to those found among people in certain parts of Africa on many large stone heads discovered in what was once Olmec territory in Mesoamerica, but it.

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 76:

  The belief of physicists Enrico Fermi and Glenn Seaborg, articulated In 1946, that nuclear physics would ultimately prove more useful a tool in medical diagnosis treatment than as a source of energy was not widely shared by their colleagues.

  A. more useful a tool in medical diagnosis and treatment than as

  B. more useful as a tool in medical diagnosis and treatment than

  C. more useful as a tool for medical diagnosis and treatment than as

  D. a more useful tool in medical diagnosis and treatment than

  E. a more useful tool in medical diagnosis and treatment than as

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 77:

  When the newly elected prime minister gave his first official speech, he took pains not to dwell on what might have been if his party should have attained a clear maim its by on how the coalition government, given sufficient time and appropriate resources, would benefit the country.

  A. if his party should have attained a clear majority, but

  B. had his party attained a dear majority, and instead focused

  C. if his party attained a clear majority, and focusing Instead

  D. had his party attained a clear majority, but Instead

  E. should his party have attained a dear majority, but rather

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 78:

  What is the value of n ?

  (1)

  Twice n equals n plus 8.

  (2)

  n times n equals 8n.

  A.

  Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) atone is not sufficient.

  B.

  Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) atone is not sufficient

  C.

  BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

  D.

  EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

  E.

  Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 79:

  When new regulations were imposed on businesses selling in the same markets as Acme Inc. and the demographics began to change unfavorably for its main product: there was very little that it could have done different in the short term.

  A. product; there was very little that it could have done different in the short term

  B. product, there was very little they could have done different in the short term

  C. product, so there was very little could be done differently by the firm in the short term

  D. product, there was very little possible in the short term for them to do differently

  E. product, there was very little that the firm could have done differently in the short term

  Correct Answer: E

• Question 80:

  Many companies today are making new product development a central element of their competitive strategy. Because the potential benefits of successful product innovation are great--prolonged growth, superior financial returns, and strong investor interest-many companies offer employees incentives such as promotions and bonuses for developing new products, incentives not offered for innovations in other areas of the business, firms' priorities can also be shaped by their measurement systems, since these systems can directly measure returns from new products more immediately than they can measure returns from investments in such areas as organizational restructuring or innovations in marketing. But the organizational culture of such companies can hurt them in the marketplace because a narrow focus on product development can ultimately detract from a firm's performance. For instance, a company's ability to profit from new products can be severely hampered if it has neglected other functions and business processes. If a company develops a superior new product but is unable to distribute and promote t rapidly, competitors with better distribution systems may copy the product and introduce It into the market before the innovator can profit from its innovation. In contrast, effective distribution, marketing, and accounting systems-that is, strong overall business systems -can act as entry barriers, deterring would-be competitors from entering a particular

  It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about organizational culture?

  A. Organizational culture is the primary determinant of a company's competitive position in a given market.

  B. Many companies' organizational cultures are such that employee contributions in certain areas that might enhance those companies' competitiveness are not rewarded.

  C. The narrowness of many companies' organizational cultures is evident in those companies' failure to reward sufficiently those employees who help to develop successful new products.

  D. A company's organizational culture is likely to undergo significant change if the company is able to develop a new product and market it successfully.

  E. The nature of a company's organizational culture tends to be more evident in Is distribution system than in its degree of commitment to new product development.

  Correct Answer: E