Medical Tests Medical Tests Certifications NREMT Questions & Answers

• Question 171:

  What artery caries deoxygenated blood and which vein caries oxygenated blood?

  A. Pulmonary, Aorta

  B. Pulmonary, inferior vena cava

  C. Pulmonary, Pulmonary

  D. Aorta, Superior vena cava

  Correct Answer: C

  The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange. The pulmonary vein is the only vein to carry oxygenated blood back to the heart. Typically the arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart to the systemic circulation. Veins typically carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. The aorta is the main artery exiting the left ventricle to the body and the vena cava's return blood back to the right side of the heart.

• Question 172:

  What complaints describes a typical presentation of chest pain is often used to describe a cardiac event type of pain?

  A. Sharp stabbing pain which can be located with one finger

  B. A ton of bricks on my chest

  C. A tickling feeling

  D. Dull tooth ach nagging discomfort

  Correct Answer: B

  Typical cardiac related chest pain is often referred to as a pressure, like "a ton of bricks on my chest" or an elephant sitting on their chest. You can rule out a cardiac event on type of chest pain described alone. Some patients will have atypical chest pain which could be described as anything from sharp pain to a pulled muscle to a tooth ach. Sharp stabbing pain which can be located with one finger is often a Pulmonary Embolism.

• Question 173:

  Name the layers of the heart from the outside in.

  A. Pericardium, endocardium, epicardium

  B. Myocardium, epicardium, endocardium

  C. Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

  D. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

  Correct Answer: C

  The layers of the heart from the outer most to the innermost layer. The pericardium is actually the protective sac which surrounds the heart. The heart is covered with a thin layer of slippery tissue called the epicardium, it provides a surface which can move inside the pericardium without causing friction. The myocardium is the muscle tissue of the heart which conducts electricity which causes the muscle to squeeze pumping blood. The endocardium is made of the same type of tissue as the epicardium. The endocardium is very smooth to prevent clots from forming and adhering to the valves.

• Question 174:

  The cardiovascular system or the circulatory system is made up of three major components; which of the following is not a component of the cardiovascular system?

  A. Heart

  B. Blood vessels

  C. Myoglobin

  D. Blood

  Correct Answer: C

  The heart, blood vessels and blood are all major components of the cardiovascular system. Myoglobin is a component of muscle, when large muscle masses are injured they give off myoglobin into the blood stream. Myoglobin molecules are large and cause problems with renal system during times of trauma, elocution or burns.

• Question 175:

  The two-flap valve located on the left side of the heart is the:

  A. Bivalve

  B. Aortic valve

  C. Bicuspid valve

  D. Pulmonary Valve

  Correct Answer: C

  The two-flap valve is called the mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve. The three-flap valve is the tricuspid valve.

• Question 176:

  The normal heart rate for an infant under the age of 1 is:

  A. 140 – 160

  B. 120 – 140

  C. 100 – 120

  D. 80– 100

  Correct Answer: B

  The normal heart rate for a newborn is 140 – 160 and an infant's is 120 – 140 beats per minutes. Children between the ages of 1-6 have a heart rate of 100 – 120, while children over the age of 6 have a heart rate of 80 – 100 BPM.

• Question 177:

  An AED is used to treat patients in: A. Ventricular Fibrillation

  B. Asystole

  C. Pulseless Electrical Activity

  D. Acute Myocardial Infarction

  Correct Answer: A

  An AED is used to treat pulseless, apneic patients in ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.

• Question 178:

  Cardiac Compromise is:

  A. Angina

  B. A heart attack

  C. A period of time when the heart stops

  D. Any type of heart problem

  Correct Answer: D

  Cardiac Compromise is a blanket term used to describe any type of heart problem. As an EMT-B, it allows you to identify that the patient has cardiac problem without going above your scope of practice

• Question 179:

  Your patient is a 52-year old male complaining of dull, achy chest pains. He is alert and oriented but upon assessment, you notice his skin is pale, cool and clammy. What is your next step?

  A. Obtain SAMPLE History

  B. Apply an AED

  C. Administer Supplemental Oxygen

  D. Assist the patient with his wife's nitroglycerin.

  Correct Answer: C

  Giving Oxygen to a cardiac patient as soon as possible can help reduce damage to the heart muscle.

• Question 180:

  Which statement about inadequate breathing is correct?

  A. A breathing rate that is either too fast or too slow may indicate inadequate breathing.

  B. Inadequate breathing is much less common in small children than in older adults.

  C. Increased effort of breathing is often a normal sign and is not associated with inadequate breathing.

  D. A patient breathing very deeply or very shallowly is compensating for an abnormal respiratory rate.

  Correct Answer: A

  A respiratory rate that is either too fast or too slow may be a sign of inadequate breathing. Respiratory distress occurs with many medical and trauma problems and spans the age groups, making choice b inaccurate. An increased work (effort) of breathing frequently accompanies inadequate breathing as the patient attempts to compensate, but it should never be considered a "normal sign" as suggested by choice

  c. Patients may breathe shallowly or deeply for a number of reasons, only one of which is to compensate for an abnormal rate, making choice d inaccurate.