CompTIA CompTIA Certifications CLO-002 Questions & Answers

• Question 131:

  A company is deploying a new application and must decide whether to build an infrastructure to host the application on premises or in the cloud. Which of the following BEST describes the financial impact of hosting the application in the cloud?

  A. The company's capital expense will be less.

  B. The company will be able to defer licensing costs.

  C. The provider will share responsibility for the company's monthly bill.

  D. Monthly operating costs will remain constant despite usage.

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Hosting the application in the cloud means that the company does not need to invest in building and maintaining an infrastructure to host the application on premises. This reduces the company's capital expense, which is the money spent on acquiring or upgrading fixed assets, such as servers, storage, network, and software1. Instead, the company can pay for the cloud services that they use on a subscription or consumption basis, which is considered an operating expense, which is the money spent on the day-to-day running of the business1. Hosting the application in the cloud can also provide other financial benefits, such as lower energy costs, higher scalability, and faster time to market2. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe the financial impact of hosting the application in the cloud accurately. The company will not be able to defer licensing costs, as they will still need to pay for the software licenses that they use in the cloud, either as part of the cloud service fee or separately3. The provider will not share responsibility for the company's monthly bill, as the company will be solely responsible for paying for the cloud services that they consume, based on the provider's pricing model and terms of service4. Monthly operating costs will not remain constant despite usage, as the cloud services are typically charged based on the amount of resources or features that the company uses, such as storage, bandwidth, CPU, memory, or transactions4. Therefore, the monthly operating costs will vary depending on the usage and demand of the application. References: Capital Expenditure (CapEx) Definition; Cloud Computing Benefits: 7 Key Advantages for Your Business; Cloud Computing Licensing: What You Need to Know; Cloud Computing Pricing Models: A Comprehensive Guide.

• Question 132:

  Which of the following are the main advantages of using ML/AI for data analytics in the cloud as opposed to on premises? (Choose two.)

  A. Cloud providers offer enhanced technical support.

  B. Elasticity allows access to a large pool of compute resources.

  C. The shared responsibility model offers greater security.

  D. AI enables DevOps to build applications easier and faster.

  E. A pay-as-you-go approach allows the company to save money.

  F. ML enables DevOps to build applications easier and faster.

  Correct Answer: BE

  Explanation: Elasticity and pay-as-you-go are two main advantages of using ML/AI for data analytics in the cloud as opposed to on premises. Elasticity refers to the ability of cloud computing to dynamically adjust the amount of resources allocated to a workload according to the changing demand7. This allows ML/AI applications to access a large pool of compute resources when needed, such as GPUs or TPUs, without having to purchase or maintain them on premises8. Pay-as-you-go is a pricing model in which customers pay only for the resources they consume, such as compute, storage, network, or software services9. This allows ML/AI applications to save money by avoiding upfront costs or overprovisioning of resources on premises10. References: What is Cloud Elasticity in Cloud Computing?, The Iron.io Blog Machine Learning in the Cloud: Complete Guide [2023], Run.AI Consumption and fixed cost models, Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 2: Business Principles of Cloud Environments, page 51

• Question 133:

  A company decides to move some of its computing resources to a public cloud provider but keep the rest in-house. Which of the following cloud migration approaches does this BEST describe?

  A. Rip and replace

  B. Hybrid

  C. Phased

  D. Lift and shift

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A hybrid cloud migration approach best describes the scenario where a company decides to move some of its computing resources to a public cloud provider but keep the rest in-house. A hybrid cloud is a type of cloud deployment that combines public and private cloud resources, allowing data and applications to move between them. A hybrid cloud can offer the benefits of both cloud models, such as scalability, cost-efficiency, security, and control. A hybrid cloud migration approach can help a company to leverage the advantages of the public cloud for some workloads, while maintaining the on-premise infrastructure for others. For example, a company may choose to migrate its web applications to the public cloud to improve performance and availability, while keeping its sensitive data and legacy systems in the private cloud for compliance and compatibility reasons. A hybrid cloud migration approach can also enable a gradual transition to the cloud, by allowing the company to move workloads at its own pace and test the cloud environment before fully committing to it. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO- 002 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Concepts, Section 2.1: Cloud Deployment Models, Page 43. What is Hybrid Cloud? Everything You Need to Know - NetApp1

• Question 134:

  Which of the following is true about the use of technologies such as JSON and XML for cloud data interchange and automation tasks?

  A. It can cause cloud vendor lock-in

  B. The company needs to define a specific programming language for cloud management.

  C. The same message format can be used across different cloud platforms.

  D. It is considered an unsafe format of communication.

  Correct Answer: C

  JSON and XML are both data serialization formats that allow you to exchange data across different applications, platforms, or systems in a standardized manner. They are independent of any programming language and can be used across different cloud platforms. They do not cause cloud vendor lock-in, as they are open and interoperable formats. They do not require the company to define a specific programming language for cloud management, as they can be parsed and processed by various languages. They are not considered unsafe formats of communication, as they can be encrypted and validated for security purposes. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications, CompTIA Cloud Essentials+, CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Certification Study Guide

• Question 135:

  Which of the following can be used by a client's finance department to identify the cost of cloud use in a public cloud environment shared by different projects and departments?

  A. Reserved instances

  B. Service level agreement

  C. Resource tagging

  D. RFI from the CSP

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Resource tagging is the best option for a client's finance department to identify the cost of cloud use in a public cloud environment shared by different projects and departments. Resource tagging is a feature that allows users to assign metadata to their cloud resources. These tags, which consist of a key and a value, make it easier to manage, search for, and filter resources1. Resource tagging can help to manage costs effectively, especially in large-scale cloud environments, by enabling the following capabilities2: Cost allocation: Resource tagging can help to allocate costs to different projects, departments, or business units based on the tags that are associated with each resource. For example, a tag can indicate the owner, purpose, or environment of a resource, such as ProjectA, Marketing, or Dev. By using these tags, the finance department can generate reports that show the breakdown of cloud spending by different categories and attributes. Cost optimization: Resource tagging can help to optimize costs by identifying unused, underutilized, or overprovisioned resources based on the tags that are associated with each resource. For example, a tag can indicate the status, expiration date, or performance of a resource, such as Active, 2023-12-31, or High. By using these tags, the finance department can monitor and analyze the usage and efficiency of cloud resources and make recommendations for cost savings or improvements. Cost governance: Resource tagging can help to enforce cost governance policies and best practices by applying tags that are consistent, standardized, and mandatory across all cloud resources. For example, a tag can indicate the compliance, security, or quality of a resource, such as PCI-DSS, Confidential, or Approved. By using these tags, the finance department can audit and verify that the cloud resources are following the rules and regulations that are set by the organization or external authorities. The other options are not as suitable as resource tagging for the client's finance department to identify the cost of cloud use because: Reserved instances: Reserved instances are a pricing model that allows users to reserve cloud resources for a fixed period of time and pay a lower rate than on- demand resources. Reserved instances can help to reduce costs by offering discounts for predictable and steady usage patterns, but they do not provide a way to track and allocate costs across different projects and departments3. Service level agreement: A service level agreement (SLA) is a contract that defines the level of service and performance that a cloud service provider (CSP) guarantees to its customers. An SLA can help to ensure the reliability, availability, and quality of cloud services, but it does not provide a way to measure and report costs for different projects and departments. RFI from the CSP: An RFI (request for information) is a document that solicits information from a CSP about its products, services, and capabilities. An RFI can help to evaluate and compare different CSPs based on various criteria, such as features, benefits, and pricing, but it does not provide a way to monitor and manage costs for existing cloud resources that are used by different projects and departments. References:

  2: Define your tagging strategy - Cloud Adoption Framework

  3: What are Reserved Instances? - Amazon Web Services

  1: What is Tagging in cloud computing?

  : What is a service-level agreement (SLA)? - IBM Cloud : What is an RFI? - TechTarget

• Question 136:

  Which of the following strategies allows an organization to plan for cloud expenditures in a way that most closely aligns with the capital expenditure model?

  A. Simplifying contract requirements

  B. Implementing consolidated billing

  C. Considering a BYOL policy

  D. Using reserved cloud instances

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: The capital expenditure (CapEx) model is a financial model where an organization pays for the acquisition of physical assets upfront and then deducts that expense from its tax bill over time1. The CapEx model is typically used

  for on-premises infrastructure, where the organization has to purchase, install, and maintain servers, software licenses, and other hardware components. The CapEx model requires a large initial investment, but it also provides more control

  and ownership over the assets2. The cloud, on the other hand, usually follows the operational expenditure (OpEx) model, where an organization pays for the consumption of cloud services on a regular basis, such as monthly or hourly. The

  OpEx model is also known as the pay-as-you-go model, and it allows the organization to scale up or down the cloud resources as needed, without having to incur any upfront costs or long-term commitments2. The OpEx model provides more

  flexibility and agility, but it also introduces more variability and uncertainty in the cloud expenditures3.

  However, some cloud providers offer reservation models, where an organization can reserve cloud resources in advance for a fixed period of time, such as one or three years, and receive a discounted price compared to the pay-as-you-go

  rate. Reservation models can help an organization plan for cloud expenditures in a way that most closely aligns with the CapEx model, as they involve paying a lump sum upfront and then amortizing that cost over the reservation term4.

  Reservation models can also provide more predictability and stability in the cloud costs, as well as guarantee the availability and performance of the reserved resources5.

  One example of a reservation model is the Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances (RI), which allow an organization to reserve EC2 instances for one or three years and save up to 75% compared to the on-demand price. Another example is the

  Azure Reserved Virtual Machine Instances (RIs), which allow an organization to reserve VMs for one or three years and save up to 72% compared to the pay-as-you-go price. Reservation models are also available for other cloud services,

  such as databases, containers, storage, and networking. Therefore, using reserved cloud instances is the best strategy to plan for cloud expenditures in a way that most closely aligns with the CapEx model, as it involves paying a fixed

  amount upfront and receiving a discounted price for the reserved resources over a specified term. References: 1: https://www.browserstack.com/guide/capex-vs-opex 2:

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, Chapter 6, page 215-216 3: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption- framework/strategy/financial-considerations/ 4:

  https://docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/cost-optimization-reservation- models/welcome.html 5: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/well- architected/cost/design-price : https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/reserved-instances/ :

  https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/reserved-vm-instances/ :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, Chapter 5, page 179-180

• Question 137:

  Which of the following allows an IP address to be referenced via an easily remembered name for a SaaS application?

  A. DNS

  B. CDN

  C. VPN

  D. WAN

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: DNS stands for Domain Name System, which is a service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses, and they can also change without affecting the users. For

  example, a SaaS application can have a domain name like www.saas.com, which can be resolved to different IP addresses depending on the location, availability, and performance of the servers. DNS allows users to access the SaaS

  application by typing the domain name in their browser, instead of memorizing the IP address. References:

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, Chapter 2, page 43.

• Question 138:

  A cloud administrator patched a known vulnerability in an operating system. This is an example of risk:

  A. transference

  B. avoidance.

  C. mitigation.

  D. acceptance.

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Patching a known vulnerability in an operating system is an example of risk mitigation. Risk mitigation is the process of reducing the impact or likelihood of a risk by implementing controls or countermeasures. By patching the vulnerability, the cloud administrator is preventing or minimizing the potential damage that could be caused by an exploit. Risk mitigation is one of the four main risk response strategies, along with risk avoidance, risk transference, and risk acceptance. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Risk Management, page 1631 and page 1662.

• Question 139:

  A systems administrator needs to transfer 300GB of data to the cloud every month. Given the information below:

  

  Which of the following connection methods would be the MOST cost-effective and satisfy the monthly transfer requirements?

  A. VPN (100MB)

  B. Direct Connect (500MB)

  C. Enhanced VPN (200MB)

  D. Enhanced Direct Connect (1GB)

  Correct Answer: B

  According to the CompTIA Cloud Essentials objectives and documents, the most cost- effective and satisfying monthly transfer requirements connection method would be Direct Connect (500MB). This is because it has a fixed cost of $200 per month and a transfer limit of up to 250GB, which is enough to satisfy the 300GB monthly transfer requirement. Additionally, it has a lower cost per GB after the transfer limit is reached compared to the other options. The other connection methods are either more expensive or insufficient for the monthly transfer requirement. VPN (100MB) has a fixed cost of $50 per month and a transfer limit of up to 50GB, which is not enough for the 300GB monthly transfer requirement. Enhanced VPN (200MB) has a fixed cost of $100 per month and a transfer limit of up to 100GB, which is also not enough for the 300GB monthly transfer requirement. Enhanced Direct Connect (1GB) has a fixed cost of $400 per month and a transfer limit of up to 500GB, which is more than enough for the 300GB monthly transfer requirement, but also more expensive than Direct Connect (500MB). References: 1, 2, 3

• Question 140:

  Which of the following is related to data availability in the cloud?

  A. Resiliency

  B. Deduplication

  C. Scalability

  D. Elasticity

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Data availability in the cloud refers to the ability of cloud services to provide continuous and uninterrupted access to data, even in the event of a network disruption or a disaster. Resiliency is the ability of a system to recover quickly from failures and restore normal operations. Resiliency is related to data availability in the cloud because it ensures that data is not lost or corrupted due to failures and that data can be accessed by users and applications without delays or errors. Deduplication, scalability, and elasticity are not directly related to data availability in the cloud, although they may have some impact on the performance and efficiency of cloud services. Deduplication is the process of eliminating redundant copies of data to save storage space and bandwidth. Scalability is the ability of a system to handle increasing or decreasing workloads by adding or removing resources. Elasticity is the ability of a system to automatically adjust the amount of resources based on the current demand. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO- 002 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Concepts, Section 2.3: Cloud Service Characteristics, Page 411