CompTIA CompTIA Certifications CLO-002 Questions & Answers

• Question 191:

  A systems administrator is reviewing a disaster recovery option that requires little to no downtime in the event of a natural disaster.

  Which of the following BEST meets this requirement?

  A. Configure availability zones.

  B. Configure high availability.

  C. Configure geo-redundancy.

  D. Configure auto-scaling.

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Geo-redundancy is the process of replicating data to a distant region from the original cloud storage. This safeguards data from regional disaster or outages and ensures that the data is always accessible and available. Geo-redundancy is one of the disaster recovery options that requires little to no downtime in the event of a natural disaster. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Study Guide, Chapter 3: Cloud Business Principles, Section 3.4: Disaster Recovery, page 7612; Cloud Storage Requirements- What You Need to Know - CompTIA3

• Question 192:

  A company recently launched the first version of an application. Based on customer feedback, the company identified the features that need to be incorporated in the next release. Which of the following will help the company understand the extra effort required to meet the customer requirements?

  A. Statement of work

  B. Baseline

  C. Benchmark

  D. Gap analysis

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: A gap analysis is the best option for helping the company understand the extra effort required to meet the customer requirements. A gap analysis is a step-by-step process for examining the current state of a system or process

  and comparing it with the desired future state, and then identifying the gaps or differences between them1. A gap analysis can help to determine the scope, feasibility, and priority of the changes or improvements needed to bridge the gap and

  achieve the desired outcomes2. A gap analysis can also help to estimate the resources, time, and cost involved in implementing the changes or improvements3.

  A gap analysis is different from the other options listed in the question, which are not directly related to understanding the extra effort required to meet the customer requirements. A statement of work is a document that describes the scope,

  objectives, deliverables, and terms and conditions of a project or contract4. A statement of work can help to define the expectations and responsibilities of the parties involved in the project or contract, but it does not provide a detailed analysis

  of the current and future states of the system or process. A baseline is a reference point or standard that is used to measure the performance or progress of a project or process. A baseline can help to track the changes or deviations from the

  original plan or goal, but it does not provide a comprehensive comparison of the current and future states of the system or process. A benchmark is a point of reference or criterion that is used to evaluate the quality or performance of a

  system or process against a best practice or industry standard. A benchmark can help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the system or process, but it does not provide a specific assessment of the gaps or differences between the

  current and future states of the system or process.

  References: What is Gap Analysis? Definition, Methodology and Examples, What is Gap Analysis? Gap Analysis: A How-To Guide with Examples | The Blueprint, What is Gap Analysis? Gap Analysis: Definition, Benefits, and How to Do It,

  What is Gap Analysis? Statement of Work (SOW) - Project Management Docs, Statement of Work Definition. [What is a Baseline? - Definition from Techopedia], Baseline Definition. [What is Benchmarking? - Definition from Techopedia],

  Benchmarking Definition.

• Question 193:

  A company's SaaS provider recently changed its licensing model, and a business analyst is required to do an overall cost analysis for a three-year contract renewal. Which of the following will provide the entire financial forecast over the renewal period?

  A. ROI

  B. TCO

  C. SOW

  D. RFI

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: TCO, or Total Cost of Ownership, is a metric that helps to estimate the total cost of acquiring and maintaining a product, service, or investment over its lifetime. TCO includes not only the initial purchase price, but also any ongoing costs, such as maintenance, support, upgrades, licensing, or disposal. TCO is useful for comparing different options and making informed decisions based on the long-term implications of each option. In this case, the company needs to do a cost analysis for a three-year contract renewal with a SaaS provider that changed its licensing model. To do this, the company needs to consider the TCO of the SaaS service, which includes the cost of the license, the cost of any additional features or services, the cost of integration with other systems, the cost of training and support, and the cost of any potential risks or issues. By calculating the TCO, the company can forecast the entire financial impact of the contract renewal over the three-year period and compare it with other alternatives. ROI, or Return on Investment, is a metric that measures the performance or profitability of an investment. ROI compares the amount of money invested in a project or asset with the amount of money gained or saved as a result of that investment. ROI is useful for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of an investment and determining if it is worth pursuing. However, ROI does not account for the total cost of ownership of an investment, nor does it consider the time value of money or the opportunity cost of investing in something else. Therefore, ROI is not the best metric to use for forecasting the entire financial impact of a contract renewal over a long period of time. SOW, or Statement of Work, is a document that defines the scope, deliverables, timeline, and terms of a project or contract. SOW is useful for establishing the expectations and responsibilities of both parties involved in a project or contract and ensuring that they are aligned and agreed upon. However, SOW does not provide a financial forecast or analysis of a project or contract, nor does it compare different options or alternatives. Therefore, SOW is not the best metric to use for doing a cost analysis for a contract renewal. RFI, or Request for Information, is a document that solicits information from potential vendors or suppliers about their products, services, or capabilities. RFI is useful for gathering information and data that can help to evaluate and compare different options or alternatives and make informed decisions. However, RFI does not provide a financial forecast or analysis of a project or contract, nor does it calculate the total cost of ownership or the return on investment of each option or alternative. Therefore, RFI is not the best metric to use for doing a cost analysis for a contract renewal. References: 1, 2, 3

• Question 194:

  Which of the following services would restrict connectivity to cloud resources?

  A. Security lists

  B. Firewall

  C. VPN

  D. Intrusion detection system

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A firewall is a network security device that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules1. A firewall can block or allow connection requests to cloud resources based on the source, destination, port, protocol, or content of the packets2. A firewall can be deployed as a hardware appliance, a software application, or a cloud service3. References: Firewalls, Intrusion Prevention and VPNs, Information Security | University of Houston-Clear Lake Firewalls, IDS, and IPS and Comparison, Study-CCNA CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 4: Operating in the Cloud, page 143

• Question 195:

  A low-budget project with a flexible completion time can become financially feasible via the use of:

  A. right-sizing.

  B. resource tagging.

  C. reserved instances.

  D. spot instances.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: Spot instances are instances that use spare cloud capacity that is available for less than the On-Demand price. They are suitable for low-budget projects that can tolerate interruptions and have flexible completion time. Spot instances can be reclaimed by the cloud provider when the demand for the capacity increases, so they are not guaranteed to run continuously. However, they can offer significant cost savings compared to other pricing models. References: Spot Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Amazon Web Services ?Introduction to EC2 Spot Instances, What are AWS spot instances? - Spot.io

• Question 196:

  After a cloud migration, a company hires a third party to conduct an assessment to detect any cloud infrastructure vulnerabilities. Which of the following BEST describes this process?

  A. Hardening

  B. Risk assessment

  C. Penetration testing

  D. Application scanning

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Penetration testing is a simulated attack to assess the security of an organization's cloud-based applications and infrastructure. It is an effective way to proactively identify potential vulnerabilities, risks, and flaws and provide an actionable remediation plan to plug loopholes before hackers exploit them1. Penetration testing is also known as ethical hacking, and it involves evaluating the security of an organization's IT systems, networks, applications, and devices by using hacker tools and techniques2. Penetration testing can be applied to both on-premises and cloud-based environments, making it a more general and broader term2. Cloud penetration testing, on the other hand, is a specialized form of penetration testing that specifically focuses on evaluating the security of cloud-based systems and services. It is tailored to assess the security of cloud computing environments and addresses the unique security challenges presented by cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and cloud providers23. After a cloud migration, a company hires a third party to conduct an assessment to detect any cloud infrastructure vulnerabilities. This process best describes cloud penetration testing, as it involves simulating real-world attacks and providing insights into the security posture of the cloud environment. References: 1: https://www.eccouncil.org/cybersecurity- exchange/penetration-testing/cloud-penetration-testing/ 2: https://www.browserstack.com/guide/cloud-penetration-testing 3: https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/blog/2022/02/12/what-is-cloud-penetration-testing

• Question 197:

  Which of the following technologies allows a social media application to authenticate access to resources that are available in the cloud?

  A. Microservices

  B. LDAP

  C. Federation

  D. MFA

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Federation is a technology that allows a social media application to authenticate access to resources that are available in the cloud. Federation enables users to sign in to a cloud service using their existing credentials from another identity provider, such as Facebook, Google, or Microsoft. This way, users do not need to create a separate account or password for the cloud service, and the cloud service does not need to store or manage user identities. Federation also simplifies access management, as the identity provider can control which users and groups are allowed to access the cloud service. Federation is based on standards such as OAuth, OpenID Connect, and SAML, which define how identity providers and cloud services can exchange authentication and authorization information. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Cloud Service Operations, Section 3.4: Identity and Access Management, Page 113.

• Question 198:

  A cloud risk assessment indicated possible outages in some regions. In response, the company enabled geo- redundancy for its cloud environment. Which of the following did the company adopt?

  A. Risk mitigation

  B. Risk acceptance

  C. Risk transference

  D. Risk avoidance

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Risk mitigation is the process of reducing the impact or likelihood of a risk by implementing controls or countermeasures. By enabling geo-redundancy for its cloud environment, the company adopted a risk mitigation strategy to minimize the effect of possible outages in some regions. Geo-redundancy is a feature that allows the replication and distribution of data and services across multiple geographic locations to ensure availability and resiliency12. If one region experiences an outage, the company can still access its data and services from another region. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 4: Risk Management, pages 105

  106.

• Question 199:

  A software developer wants to ensure a packaged application can be deployed in different environments without modifying anything but the application settings. The developer creates an image and provides instructions for the systems administrator to use for deployment. This is an example of:

  A. application versioning.

  B. source code control.

  C. containerization.

  D. deployment automation.

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Containerization is the process of developing software applications for containers, which are isolated user spaces that bundle application code with all the dependencies and libraries required to run on any infrastructure. Containerization allows applications to be deployed in different environments without modifying anything but the application settings. This is different from application versioning, which is the practice of assigning unique identifiers to different versions of an application. Source code control is the management of changes to source code files, which is not related to deployment. Deployment automation is the use of tools and scripts to automate the deployment process, which may or may not involve containers. References: Containerization Explained | IBM, Containerization (computing) - Wikipedia

• Question 200:

  Which of the following activities in a cloud environment requires a defined scope and formal authorization from the CSP?

  A. Orchestration

  B. Penetration testing

  C. Sandboxing

  D. Vulnerability scanning

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: Penetration testing, also known as ethical hacking, is a security assessment methodology that involves simulating a cyberattack on a cloud-based system or service to identify and exploit vulnerabilities and weaknesses.

  Penetration testing can help to evaluate the security posture of a cloud environment and provide recommendations for improvement12

  Penetration testing in a cloud environment requires a defined scope and formal authorization from the cloud service provider (CSP), because it can have significant impacts on the cloud infrastructure, applications, and data. Penetration

  testing can potentially cause damage, disruption, or breach of the cloud resources, as well as violate the terms of service or the service level agreements of the CSP. Therefore, before conducting penetration testing in a cloud environment,

  the customer must obtain the consent and approval of the CSP, and follow the guidelines and policies of the CSP regarding the scope, duration, frequency, and methods of the testing3 Orchestration, sandboxing, and vulnerability scanning

  are not activities that require a defined scope and formal authorization from the CSP, because they are less intrusive and disruptive than penetration testing. Orchestration is the process of automating and coordinating the deployment and

  management of cloud resources using tools and scripts. Sandboxing is the process of creating and isolating a testing environment within the cloud to experiment with new features or applications without affecting the production environment.

  Vulnerability scanning is the process of detecting and reporting the known vulnerabilities and misconfigurations in the cloud resources using automated tools. These activities can help to improve the efficiency, flexibility, and security of the

  cloud environment, but they do not involve actively exploiting or compromising the cloud resources. Therefore, they do not require the same level of permission and oversight from the CSP as penetration testing.

  References: 1: https://www.eccouncil.org/cybersecurity-exchange/penetration- testing/cloud-penetration-testing/, 1 2: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud- essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 48 3: https://www.browserstack.com/

  guide/cloud- penetration-testing, 2 : https://www.prplbx.com/resources/blog/cloud-pentesting/, 3 :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 46 :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 44 :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 48