A project manager works on a long-term and high visibility project at an organization that has a low risk appetite towards this project due to its impact on the company's business. The project sponsors follow up weekly with the project manager, who was just informed by one of the risk owners that the exposure from two high-impact risks are hitting the risk thresholds.
What should the project manager do next?
A. Update the project management plan to add contingency.
B. Perform an assumptions and constraints analysis.
C. Complete an assessment and confirm the response with the sponsors.
D. Implement mitigation measures for those risks.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: According to the PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, Section 11.4.3.1, Risk Thresholds, risk thresholds are the level of risk exposure above which risks are addressed and below which risks may be accepted. Risk thresholds are determined by the organization's risk appetite, which is the degree of uncertainty that an organization is willing to accept in pursuit of its goals. Therefore, when the project manager is informed by the risk owner that the exposure from two high-impact risks are hitting the risk thresholds, the project manager should complete an assessment and confirm the response with the sponsors, who are the key stakeholders for the project and have a low risk appetite. The project manager should not update the project management plan, perform an assumptions and constraints analysis, or implement mitigation measures without first consulting with the sponsors and obtaining their approval. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, Section 11.4.3.1, Risk Thresholds
Question 482:
During a risk reassessment workshop with the project team and some external stakeholders, two key external stakeholders are overemphasizing the impact of a few project risks. This has led to a conflict.
How should the risk manager handle this situation?
A. Request for a skilled facilitator to help resolve conflicts that have arise.
B. Refer to the team's ground rules on how to resolve conflicts.
C. Run a sensitivity analysis to check which risks have the most impact.
D. Use the assumption analysis techniques to validate the assumptions.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: According to the PMBOK Guide, one of the tools and techniques for the plan risk management process is ground rules. Ground rules are the rules of conduct or behavior that are established by the project team and other stakeholders to ensure a productive and respectful environment for risk management activities. Ground rules can cover various aspects of risk management, such as roles and responsibilities, communication protocols, decision-making processes, meeting agendas, and conflict resolution methods1. By referring to the team's ground rules on how to resolve conflicts, the risk manager can handle the situation where two key external stakeholders are overemphasizing the impact of a few project risks. This can help the risk manager to maintain a constructive and collaborative atmosphere in the risk reassessment workshop, as well as to ensure that the risk analysis and prioritization are based on objective and consistent criteria. Some of the other options are not relevant or appropriate for the question scenario: Requesting for a skilled facilitator to help resolve conflicts that have arisen is not a feasible or effective option, as it would interrupt the flow of the risk reassessment workshop and delay the risk management process. The risk manager should be able to facilitate the workshop and handle conflicts by themselves, using the tools and techniques that they have planned and agreed upon with the project team and stakeholders. Running a sensitivity analysis to check which risks have the most impact is a technique for the perform quantitative risk analysis process, which is not applicable in the context of a risk reassessment workshop. A sensitivity analysis is a quantitative method that examines the effect of varying one risk parameter at a time on the project objectives, such as cost or schedule. It is not a tool for resolving conflicts or validating the impact of risks, as it does not consider the interrelationships and dependencies among risks or the probability of risk occurrence1. Using the assumption analysis technique to validate the assumptions is a technique for the identify risks process, which is not suitable for the situation where conflicts have already arisen in the risk reassessment workshop. An assumption analysis is a technique that explores the validity of the assumptions that are made during the project planning and risk management processes. It is not a tool for resolving conflicts or verifying the impact of risks, as it does not address the root causes or the consequences of the disagreements among the stakeholders1. References: PMBOK Guide, 6th edition, pages 407-408, 431-432, 437-438, 441-4421; PMI-RMP ontent Outline, 2015, pages 7-8.
Question 483:
The project sponsor asks the project manager about the accuracy of the project data. The project manager realizes that some risks have not been updated recently.
What should the project manager do regarding those risks?
A. Review the assumptions analysts
B. Conduct a checklist analysis on each risk
C. Create a risk response plan for those risks
D. Review the risk register to check for the new risks
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: If the project manager realizes that some risks have not been updated recently, they should review the risk register to check for new risks and ensure that all risks are accurately documented and updated. The risk register is a document that contains information about the identified risks, their analysis, and their response plans. It is updated throughout the project life cycle as new risks emerge, existing risks change, or risks are closed. The project manager should review the risk register regularly to ensure that the project data is accurate and reflects the current risk situation. Reviewing the risk register also helps the project manager to identify any new risks that may have occurred since the last update, and to plan appropriate responses for them. References: PMI, Project Risk Management, 2nd edition, 2019, p. 67-681
Question 484:
Which statement describes the risk portrayed on the risk matrix heat map below?
A. The risk has a probability of 60% of occurrence and a medium impact rating.
B. The risk has a probability of 40% of occurrence and a high impact rating.
C. The risk has a high impact and probability of occurring.
D. The risk has a low probability and high impact rating.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The risk matrix heat map is a graphical tool that displays the probability and impact of risks in a project. The horizontal axis represents the probability of occurrence, and the vertical axis represents the impact rating. The colors indicate the level of risk exposure, from green (low) to red (high). The risk in question is located in the upper right quadrant of the matrix, which means it has a high impact rating. The probability of occurrence can be estimated by looking at the scale on the horizontal axis. The risk is slightly to the left of the 50% mark, which means it has a probability of occurrence of about 40%. Therefore, the correct statement that describes the risk is B. The risk has a probability of 40% of occurrence and a high impact rating. References: PMI, The Standard for Risk Management in Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, 2019, p. 104-105.
Question 485:
The project team recorded a risk in the risk register indicating that weather-related delays may impact equipment delivery during project execution. When it is time to request the equipment shipment there is bad weather, but the client wants the equipment delivered anyway.
What should the project manager do?
A. Wait until the weather improves before sending the equipment.
B. Ask the project sponsor to approve shipping the equipment.
C. Proceed with the planned risk response to move the equipment.
D. Request the shipment of the equipment to satisfy the client.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The project manager should proceed with the planned risk response to move the equipment, as this is the best way to deal with the weather-related risk that was identified and recorded in the risk register. A risk register is a document that lists all the identified risks, their causes, impacts, probabilities, and responses for a project1. A risk response is a strategy or action that is taken to reduce the negative effects or enhance the positive effects of a risk event2. A risk response should be planned and executed according to the risk management plan, which is a document that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed on a project3. The risk management plan should also define the roles and responsibilities, risk categories, risk appetite and thresholds, risk identification and analysis methods, risk response strategies, risk monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and risk governance mechanisms3. Therefore, the project manager should follow the risk management plan and the risk register to implement the planned risk response to move the equipment, as this is the most effective and efficient way to manage the risk and meet the project objectives. Waiting until the weather improves before sending the equipment, asking the project sponsor to approve shipping the equipment, or requesting the shipment of the equipment to satisfy the client are not the best options to deal with the weather-related risk. Waiting until the weather improves may cause further delays and increase the cost and scope of the project, as well as damage the relationship with the client. Asking the project sponsor to approve shipping the equipment may not be necessary or feasible, as the project sponsor may not have the authority or the availability to make such a decision. Requesting the shipment of the equipment to satisfy the client may not be realistic or safe, as the bad weather may pose a threat to the quality and integrity of the equipment, as well as the health and safety of the people involved in the transportation. These options may also deviate from the risk management plan and the risk register, which may create confusion and inconsistency in the risk management process. References: 1, 2, 3.
Question 486:
A risk manager notices that a risk owner is facing challenges implementing their response strategy and the costs are significantly exceeding expectations. What is the first thing the risk manager should do?
A. Highlight this situation to the project manager
B. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis
C. Change the risk response strategy
D. Analyze the situation and meet with the risk owner
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The first thing the risk manager should do is analyze the situation and meet with the risk owner. This will allow the risk manager to understand the challenges faced by the risk owner and work with them to find a solution. Conducting a cost-benefit analysis or changing the risk response strategy may be necessary, but it is important to first understand the situation before taking any action. According to the PMI-RMP ontent Outline, one of the tasks in the domain of Risk Response Planning is to "assist the risk owners in developing and implementing risk response strategies and actions based on the agreed-upon risk response plan". Therefore, the first thing the risk manager should do is to analyze the situation and meet with the risk owner to understand the root cause of the challenges and the cost overrun, and to discuss possible solutions or alternatives. Highlighting this situation to the project manager, conducting a cost-benefit analysis, or changing the risk response strategy are possible actions that can be taken after the analysis and meeting, but not before. References: PMI- RMP ontent Outline, Domain 3: Risk Response Planning, Task 31
Question 487:
The risk manager notices that in their workshops, most of the risks identified are threats. What should the risk manager do to increase the number of opportunities identified?
A. Use the Delphi technique involving experts who have identified opportunities in the past
B. Interview more stakeholders who have a positive mindset
C. Conduct a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis
D. Conduct a political, economic, sociological, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) analysis
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The risk management plan is a document that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed on a project. It defines the roles and responsibilities, risk categories, risk appetite and thresholds, risk identification and analysis methods, risk response strategies, risk monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and risk governance mechanisms1. The risk management plan should be aligned with the project management plan, which defines the project scope, schedule, cost, quality, and other aspects2. When an organization decides to accelerate a key project, it means that the project objectives, assumptions, constraints, and environment have changed. This will affect the risk exposure and profile of the project, as well as the risk management approach and resources. Therefore, the first action for the project risk manager to take is to revise the risk management plan to reflect the new situation and ensure that the risk management process is still effective and efficient. Revising the risk management plan may involve updating the risk categories, risk appetite and thresholds, risk identification and analysis methods, risk response strategies, risk monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and risk governance mechanisms to suit the accelerated project. The project risk manager should also communicate the revised risk management plan to the relevant stakeholders and obtain their approval and support1. Ensuring sufficient resources are available, updating the risk register, and meeting with the project's stakeholders are all important actions to take when accelerating a project, but they are not the first action. These actions should be done after revising the risk management plan, as they depend on the updated risk management approach and process. For example, the project risk manager may need to allocate more resources to risk management activities, identify and analyze new or changed risks, implement new or modified risk responses, and report the risk status and performance to the stakeholders based on the revised risk management plan1. References: 2, 1.
Question 488:
When processing freight invoices for a project, the project manager notices the shipping costs exceeded the budget due to increased fuel costs. The risk manager included this risk in the project's contingency allowance. When reviewing the project budget execution reports, the project manager notices unused budget remaining in other closed tasks of the project that could cover the additional shipping costs.
What should the project manager do?
A. Process the freight invoices at higher shipping costs against the project's contingency allowance.
B. Request a formal change order from the customer to increase the project's total budget.
C. Process the freight invoices for the budgeted amount and hope the shipping company will forgive the difference.
D. Ask the project sponsor to cover the additional shipping costs on the company's reserves account.
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The project's contingency allowance is a provision in the project budget that is intended to cover known risks that may affect the project costs. The risk of increased fuel costs was identified and included in the contingency allowance, so the project manager should use it to process the freight invoices at the actual shipping costs. This is the best way to handle the risk without affecting the project scope, schedule, or quality. Requesting a formal change order from the customer (option B) is not necessary, as the project budget already has a provision for this risk. Processing the freight invoices for the budgeted amount and hoping the shipping company will forgive the difference (option C) is unethical and unprofessional, as it violates the terms of the contract and the PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Asking the project sponsor to cover the additional shipping costs on the company's reserves account (option D) is also not appropriate, as the company's reserves are meant for unknown risks that are beyond the project's control, not for known risks that are already accounted for in the project budget. References: PMI, The Standard for Risk Management in Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, 2019, p. 72; PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th ed., 2017, p. 252. The project manager should use the contingency allowance to cover the additional shipping costs, as it was specifically included in the project budget for such risks. This approach avoids requesting unnecessary changes or relying on external sources to cover the cost overrun.
Question 489:
A project team identifies that there is a probability of missing a key milestone in a project. The team wants to move forward with the risk response planning.
What should the risk manager complete first?
A. The risk categorization
B. The risk simulation
C. The full risk description
D. The risk response plan
Correct Answer: C
The full risk description is the first thing that the risk manager should complete before moving forward with the risk response planning. The full risk description is a detailed statement that describes the risk, its causes, its effects, and its context. It provides the basis for the risk analysis and the risk response planning. The risk categorization, the risk simulation, and the risk response plan are possible steps that the risk manager may take after completing the full risk description, but they are not the first thing to do. References: PMI Risk Management Professional (PMI-RMP) ontent Outline1, PMI Practice Standard for Project Risk Management2, Risk Management Professional (PMI-RMP) Cert Guide3
Question 490:
An organization that spans across different countries undergoes a digital transformation project. The project manager has assigned a risk management team leader who is a risk management certified candidate in their domain.
What should the risk management team leader do in the early stages of the project?
A. Conduct qualitative risk analysis to prioritize potential risks.
B. Plan a solid risk response plan and secure the necessary funding.
C. Educate stakeholders on best practices to perform risk management.
D. Benchmark to an organization which has executed a similar project,
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In the early stages of a project, the risk management team leader should conduct qualitative risk analysis to prioritize potential risks. This will help the team to focus on the most significant risks and develop appropriate risk response strategies. According to the PMI-RMP Handbook, the early stages of the project are the best time to establish the risk management plan, which is a document that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed on the project. It is one of the main outputs of the Plan Risk Management process. The risk management plan should be developed with the involvement and input of key stakeholders, such as the project sponsor, customer, team members, subject matter experts, and other relevant parties. The risk management plan should also define the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders in risk management, as well as the reporting and escalation mechanisms. The risk management team leader, who is a risk management certified candidate in their domain, should educate stakeholders on best practices to perform risk management in the early stages of the project. This is because the stakeholders may have different levels of knowledge, experience, and expectations regarding risk management, especially in an organization that spans across different countries. The risk management team leader should provide training, coaching, and guidance to the stakeholders on how to apply the risk management processes, tools, and techniques, as well as how to use the risk management plan. The risk management team leader should also promote a positive risk culture and encourage stakeholder participation and collaboration in risk management activities. The other options are not valid for what the risk management team leader should do in the early stages of the project: Conduct qualitative risk analysis to prioritize potential risks: This is not a valid option because the qualitative risk analysis is part of the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process, which comes after the Identify Risks process and before the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process. The risk management team leader should not conduct the qualitative risk analysis before developing the risk management plan and identifying the risks. Plan a solid risk response plan and secure the necessary funding: This is not a valid option because the risk response plan is part of the Plan Risk Responses process, which comes after the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis and Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis processes. The risk management team leader should not plan the risk response plan and secure the necessary funding before developing the risk management plan, identifying, and analyzing the risks. Benchmark to an organization which has executed a similar project: This is not a valid option because benchmarking is a technique for risk identification, but it is not the only one. The risk management team leader should use a combination of techniques to identify risks, not just focus on one aspect. Also, benchmarking is not the same as educating stakeholders, which implies providing training, coaching, and guidance on risk management best practices. References: PMI-RMP Handbook1, PMBOK Guide2, Practice Standard for Project Risk Management2
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